The Burj Khalifa (Arabic: ??????? ?, Arabic for "Khalifa Tower" pronounced English: ), known as Burj Dubai before it was inaugurated in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft) and a roof height (not including the antenna) 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure in the world since topping out in late 2008.
The construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior finished five years later in 2009. The main structure is reinforced concrete. The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai. It is designed to be a large-scale, mixed-use development center. The decision to build the building was reported based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition. The building was originally called Burj Dubai but was renamed in honor of the Abu Dhabi ruler and the president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. The building broke many records of altitude, including its designation as the tallest building in the world.
The Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, from Skidmore, Owings & amp; Merrill, whose company is designing the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center. Hyder Consulting was selected to become a supervisory engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited selected to oversee the project architecture. The design comes from local Islamic architecture, such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra. The tripartite Y-shaped floor geometry is designed to optimize residential spaces and hotels. A central core and a supported wing are used to support the height of the building. Although this design comes from Tower Palace III, the main Burj Khalifa main center houses all vertical transport with the exception of egress stairs on each wing. This structure also has a cladding system designed to withstand the hot summer temperatures in Dubai. It contains a total of 57 lifts and 8 escalators.
The critical reception to the Burj Khalifa is generally positive, and the building has received many awards. There are complaints about migrant workers from South Asia who are the main building laborers. It centers on low wages and the practice of confiscating a passport until the task is completed. Several examples of suicides have been reported.
Video Burj Khalifa
Development
Construction began on 6 January 2004, with the exterior structure completed on October 1, 2009. The building was officially opened on January 4, 2010, and is part of the 2 km 2 (490-acre) Downtown Dubai development in 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district. The architecture and engineering of the tower was done by Souffian AL-Jabiry of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer. The main contractor is Samsung C & amp; T South Korea.
At a certain point in the architectural and engineering process, the original Emaar developer has experienced financial problems, and has needed more money and economic funding, therefore Sheikh Khalifa, the ruler of the United Arab Emirates, has provided monetary aid and funding, resulting in a name change into "Burj Khalifa".
Maps Burj Khalifa
Conception
The Burj Khalifa is designed to be a large-scale development center, mixed-use to include 30,000 homes, nine hotels (including The Address Downtown Dubai), 3 hectares (7.4 hectares) parks, at least 19 residential towers, Dubai Mall and 12-hectare (30-acre) made by Lake Burj Khalifa. The decision to build Burj Khalifa was reported based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy to one based on services and tourism. According to officials, projects such as Burj Khalifa need to be built to gain international recognition, and therefore investment. "She (Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum) wants to put Dubai on the map with something very sensational," said Jacqui Josephson, a tourism executive and a VIP delegate at Nakheel Properties. The tower is known as Burj Dubai ("Tower of Dubai") until its official opening in January 2010. It renamed in honor of the Abu Dhabi rulers of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE federal government lent Dubai tens of billions of dollars so Dubai can pay its debts - Dubai borrows at least $ 80 billion for construction projects. In the 2000s, Dubai began to diversify the economy but experienced an economic crisis in 2007-2010, leaving behind large-scale projects already in development abandoned.
Recordings
- Highest structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (formerly TV KVLY-TV - 628.8 m or 2,063 ft)
- The highest structure ever built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previous Warsaw radio pole - 646.38 m or 2,121 feet)
- The highest freestanding structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (formerly CN Tower - 553.3 m or 1,815 ft)
- The highest skyscraper (to the top of the tower): 828 m (2,717 ft) (formerly Taipei 101Ã, - 509,2 m or 1,671 ft)
- The highest skyscraper above the antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (formerly Tower of Willis (formerly Sears) - 527 m or 1,729 ft)
- Buildings with most floors: 211 (including the top of the tower) formerly World Trade CenterÃ, - 110
- Installation of the world's highest elevators (located inside the rod at the very top of the building)
- Lift the longest travel distance in the world: 504 m (1.654Ã, ft)
- Highest vertical concrete pump (for buildings): 606 m (1,988 ft)
- The highest structure in the world that includes residential space
- The world's highest outdoor observation deck: 124th floor at 452m (1,483ft)
- The world's highest installation for aluminum and glass façade: 512 m (1,680 ft)
- The world's highest nightclub: floor 144
- The highest restaurant in the world ( At.mosphere ): floor 122 at 442 m (1,450 ft) (formerly 360 , at an altitude of 350 m (1.148Ã, ft) in CN Tower)
- The highest New Year's fireworks exhibition in the world. Previously the highest floors occupied in the world: 584.5 m (1.918 ft) and the observation deck: 148 floors at 555 m (1,821 ft), to be exceeded by the Shanghai Tower in 2015.
Higher history increases
There are unconfirmed reports about some of the planned high elevations from the start. Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the Grollo Tower 560 m (1,837 ft) proposal for Melbourne, the construction of the Australian Docklands dock, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Marshall Strabala, a Skidmore architect, Owings and Merrill who worked on the project until 2006, said in late 2008 that the Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,651 ft).
The architect who designed it, Adrian Smith, felt that the top of the building was not elegant with the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase his height. It was stated that this change did not add to the floor, which was in keeping with Smith's attempt to make the crown leaner. The building opened on January 4, 2010.
Architecture and design
The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, who also designed Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) in Chicago and One World Trade Center in New York City. The Burj Khalifa uses a round tube design from the Willis Tower, created by Fazlur Rahman Khan. Since the tubular system, proportionately only half the amount of steel used in construction, is compared to the Empire State Building. The design is reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision for The Illinois, a mile-high skyscraper designed for Chicago, as well as Chicago's Lake Point Tower. According to Strabala, the Burj Khalifa is designed on the 73rd floor of Tower Palace Three, a residential building in Seoul. In the initial planning, Burj Khalifa intended to be a place to live fully.
After the original design by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Emaar Properties chose Hyder Consulting to become a supervisory engineer and NORR Group Consultants International Ltd to oversee the project architecture. Hyder was selected for their expertise in structural engineering and MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing). Hyder's representative is to oversee the construction, endorse the design of the architect, and become an engineer and architect of record for UAE authorities. The role of NORR is the oversight of all architectural components including on site supervision during construction and the design of 6-storey additions to the office attachment building for architectural documentation. NORR is also responsible for architectural integration images for the Armani Hotel which is included in the Tower. Emaar Properties also involves GHD, an international multidisciplinary consulting firm, to act as an independent verification and testing authority for concrete and steel.
The design comes from Islamic architecture. As the tower rises from a flat desert base, there are 27 setbacks in a spiral pattern, reducing the cross section of the tower as it rises and creates a comfortable outdoor patio. This setback is arranged and aligned in a way that minimizes the vibratory wind loading of eddy currents and vortices. At the top, the central core appears and sculpted to form the top of the tower. At its highest point, the tower swayed a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft).
The top of the Burj Khalifa tower consists of over 4,000 tons (4,400 short tons, 3,900 tons of length) of structural steel. The highest pipe in the center weighs 350 tons (390 tons short; 340 tons long) and has a height of 200 m (660 ft). The top of the tower is also a place of communication equipment. The 244 meter peak of the tower is considered high dressing, because very little space can be used. Without the top of the tower, Burj Khalifa will be 585 meters. It is reported in a Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat study, which noted that the empty spire of the tower "could be its own skyscraper". Like a skyscraper, if located in Europe, will be the 11th tallest building on the continent.
In 2009, architects announced that more than 1,000 pieces of art would decorate Burj Khalifa's interior, while the Burj Khalifa housing lobby would feature the work of Jaume Plensa.
The cladding system consists of 142,000 m 2 (1,528,000 sqÃ, ft) of over 26,000 reflective glass panels and aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. The architectural glass provides both solar and thermal performance and anti-glare protection for intense desert sun, extreme desert temperatures and strong winds. Glass covers more than 174,000 m 2 (1,870,000 sqÃ, ft) in the area. Burj curtain panel panels are 4'6 "wide by 10'8" tall and weigh about 800 pounds each, with wider panels near the edges of buildings and higher up near the top.
The exterior temperature at the top of the building is considered 6 Â ° C (11 Â ° F) cooler than at the base.
Armani Hotel which has 304 rooms, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the 39 floors down. The hotel was supposed to open on March 18, 2010, but after some delays it was finally opened to the public on April 27, 2010. The suite and office companies should also be open from March onwards, but the hotel deck and observations remain the only part of the building opened in April 2010.
The sky lobbies in swimming pools on floors 43 and 76. The 108th floor has 900 private apartments (which, according to the developer, sold out within eight hours of being on the market). The zero-entry outdoor pool is located on the 76th floor of the tower. Corporate offices and suites fill most of the remaining floors, except floors 122, 123 and 124 where the At.mosphere restaurants, sky lobby and indoor and outdoor observation decks are located respectively. In January 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa would receive its first inhabitants from February 2010.
The building has 57 lifts and 8 escalators. The elevator has a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest up and down to 10 m/s (33 ft/s) for double deck elevators. However, the world's fastest single deck elevator is still owned by Taipei 101 at 16.83 m/s (55.2 ft/s). Engineers have considered installing the world's first triple-deck elevator, but the final design calls for a double deck elevator. The double deck elevators are equipped with entertainment features such as LCD screens to serve visitors during their trips to the observation deck. The building has 2,909 stairs from the ground floor to the 160th floor.
Plumbing system
The Burj Khalifa water system supplies an average of 946,000 L (250,000 US) of water per day through 100 km (62 mi) of pipes. An additional 213 km (132 million) pipelines serve the fire emergency system, and 34 km (21 mi) supply cold water for air conditioning systems. The wastewater system uses gravity to dispose of water from plumbing fixtures, floor drains, mechanical appliances and rainwater, to urban municipal channels.
Air Conditioning
The air conditioning system draws air from the upper floors where the air is cooler and cleaner than on the ground. At peak cooling time, tower cooling is equivalent to that provided by 13,000 short tons (26,000,000 lb) of melted ice in one day, or about 46 MW. Water is collected through a condensate collection system and used to irrigate nearby parks.
Cleaning window
To wash 24,348 windows, with a total of 120,000 m 2 (1,290,000 sqÃ, ft) of glass, the building has three horizontal trajectories each having a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bucket machine. Above level 109, and up to 27 levels, a traditional baby bed from the davit is used. The top of the building is cleaned by a crew who uses a rope to get off from the top to gain access. Under normal conditions, when all building maintenance units operate, it takes 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire outer part.
The unmanned machine cleans 27 additional levels and the top of the glass tower. The cleaning system was developed in Melbourne, Australia at a cost of A $ 8 million. The contract to build a cleaning machine was won by Australian company CoxGomyl, a manufacturer of building maintenance units.
elevator system
Chart of elevator operation from Burj Khalifa
- H1-H4 (4 hotel passenger elevators): G, 1, 3, 5-16, 38, 39
- HS1, HS2 (2 service hotel elevators): C, G, 1-39
- HS3, HS4 (2 service hotel elevators): B1, C, G, 1-3
- HS5 (1 hotel service elevator): C, G, 1-3
- HR1 (1 hotel restaurant passenger lift): C, G, 1
- HF3 (1 hotel spa elevator): C, G, 1, 1M, 2, 3
- HB1, HB2 (2 lift ballroom): C, G, 1
- HP1-HP4 (4 hotel parking lifts): B2, B1, C, G, 1, 3
- HA1-HA3 (3 elevators serviced apartment apartment): G, 1, 3, 9-16, 18-39
- R1-R3 (3 elevators shuttle sky residential cottage): G, 43
- R4-R6 (3 elevators of residential sky space shuttle): G, 76
- R7-R9 (3 residential passenger elevators): 43-72
- R10-R12 (3 residential passenger elevators): 76-108
- RP1, RP2 (2 elevator residential parking): B2, B1, C, G, 1
- OB1, OB2 (2 companies suite & lift observatory observatory, double deck): C/G, 123/124
- BO1-BO3 (3 elevator corporate suite elevators): 112-123
- BO4-BO6 (3 elevator corporate suite elevators): 123-135, 139-154
- OP1, OP2 (2 elevator lift suites): B2, B1, G, 1
- BS1/F (1 firefighter & service elevator): C, G, 1-40, 42-73, 75-136, 138
- BS2/F (1 service elevator): C, G, 1-40, 42-73, 75-109, 111
- BS3/F (1 service elevator): 138-160
Features
Dubai Fountain
Outside, WET Enterprises designed a fountain system at a cost of 800 million won (US $ 217 million). Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 50 colored projectors, its length is 270Ã, m (900Ã, ft) and 150m (500à f§tit) of water shoots into the air, accompanied by a variety of classical music to contemporary Arab and other music. This is the second largest choreographic fountain in the world. On October 26, 2008, Emaar announced that based on the results of a naming contest the fountain would be called Dubai Fountain.
Observation deck
The outdoor observation deck, named Above , opened on 5 January 2010 on floor 124. At 452 m (1.483 ft), it was the world's highest outdoor observation deck when it opened. Although it was exceeded in December 2011 by the Cloud Top 488 at Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft), Burj Khalifa opened the floor of SKY floor 148 at 555 m (1,821 ft), again giving it a deck the highest observation in the world on October 15, 2014, until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at an altitude of 561 meters. The 124th floor observation floor is also equipped with an electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct  ° from MontrÃÆ' © al, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously stored images as taken at a time different. day or under different weather conditions. To manage travelers' daily trips, visitors can purchase tickets in advance for a certain date and time and with a 75% discount on purchased on-site tickets.
On February 8, 2010, the observation deck was closed to the public for two months after a power supply problem caused the elevator to get trapped between floors, trapping a group of tourists for 45 minutes. When low tide and high visibility, one can see the Iranian coast from the top of a skyscraper.
Burj Khalifa Park
Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 hectare (27 hectare) park designed by SWA Group landscape architect. Like the tower, the garden design was based on Hymenocallis flowers, desert plants. In the middle of the park is a water chamber, which is a series of swimming pools and water jet fountains. Benches and signs combine Burj Khalifa and Hymenocallis images.
Plants are watered by water collected from the building cooling system. The system provides 68 million L (15,000,000 gal per year). WET Enterprises, which also developed Dubai Fountain, developed six water features in the park.
Floor plan
Here is the floor details.
Construction
The tower was built by Samsung C & amp; T from South Korea, who also works at Petronas Twin Towers and Taipei 101. Samsung C & T built the tower in a joint venture with Besix from Belgium and Arabtec from UAE. Turner is the project manager on major construction contracts.
Under UAE law, contractor and record engineer, Hyder Consulting (a professional manual structure analysis using flash analysis written by Allen Wright), jointly and responsibly for the performance of Burj Khalifa.
The main structure is reinforced concrete. Putzmeister created a new high-pressure trailer concrete pump, BSA 14000 SHP-D, for this project. Construction Burj Khalifa uses 330,000 m 3 (431,600 cuÃ, yd) of concrete and 55,000 tonnes (61,000 ton short, 54,000 tonnes) of steel rebar, and construction takes 22 million man hours. In May 2008, Putzmeister pumped concrete with a gravel compressing force of more than 21 MPA to exceed the weight of 600 meters from the effective area of ​​each column from the foundation to the next fourth level, and the remainder was with metal columns jacketed or > closed with concrete to a world record-breaking height of 606 m (1,988 ft), floor 156. Three tower cranes are used during the top-level construction, each capable of lifting a 25 ton load. The remaining structures above are constructed of mild steel.
In 2003, 33 test holes were drilled to study the underlying bedrock strength of the structure. "Weak into very weak sandstone and siltstone" found, just a few meters below the surface. Samples were taken from test holes drilled to a depth of 140 meters, finding weak rocks to very weak all the way. This study describes the site as part of a "seismic active area" .
More than 45,000 m 3 (58,900 cuÃ, yd) of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes (120,000 ton short, 110,000 tonnes long) was used to build a concrete and steel foundation, which has 192 piles; each pile of 1.5 meters in diameter with a length of 43 m, buried more than 50 m (164 m) deep. The foundation is designed to support total building weight of approximately 450,000 tons (500,000 short tons, 440,000 tons in length). The weight is then divided by a 30 MPa concrete compressive force that produces 450 sq.meters from the normal normal vertical area, which is then produced to 12 meters by 12 meter dimensions. The cathodic protection system is under the concrete to neutralize ground water and prevent corrosion.
The Burj Khalifa is very compartmentalised. The pressurized air-conditioned protected floor is located approximately every 35 floors where people can take shelter on their long journey to a safe place in case of emergency or fire.
A special mixture of concrete is made to withstand the enormous weight of the building; as is commonly with reinforced concrete construction, each batch of concrete is tested to ensure it can withstand a certain pressure. CTLGroup, which works for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, performs critical creep and depreciation tests for building structure analysis.
Consistency of concrete used in the project is very important. It is difficult to create concrete that can withstand the thousands of tons working on it and the temperatures of the Persian Gulf that can reach 50 Ã, Â ° C (122Ã, Â ° F). To solve this problem, concrete is not poured during the day. Conversely, during the summer months, ice is added to the mixture and poured at night when air is cooler and moisture is higher. Cooler concrete coolers are more evenly distributed and therefore tend to be less rapid and crack. Any significant cracks can cause the entire project to be in danger.
Milestones
- January 2004: Excavation begins.
- February 2004: Stacking begins.
- September 21, 2004: Emaar Contractor begins construction.
- March 2005: The Burj Khalifa structure begins to rise.
- June 2006: Level 50 is reached.
- February 2007: Exceeds the Sears Tower as the most floored building.
- May 13, 2007: Set a record of vertical concrete pumping on each building at 452 m (1,483 feet), exceeding 449.2 m (1,474 ft) where concrete is pumped during the construction of Taipei 101, while the Burj Khalifa reaches the 130th floor. li>
- July 21, 2007: Beyond Taipei 101, whose height 509.2 m (1,671 ft) makes it the tallest building in the world, and 141 levels are reached.
- August 12, 2007: Exceeded antenna Tower of Sears, which stands 527 m (1729 feet).
- September 12, 2007: At 555.3 m (1,822 ft), the world's highest freestanding structure, surpasses the CN Tower in Toronto, and a level 150 is reached.
- April 7, 2008: At 629 m (2,064Ã, ft), it surpasses KVLY-TV Mast to be the highest man-made structure, a level 160 achieved.
- June 17, 2008: Emaar announces that the height of the Burj Khalifa is over 636 m (2,087 ft) and the high end will not be granted until it finishes in September 2009.
- September 1, 2008: The peak height of 688 m (2,257 ft), making it the tallest man-made structure ever built, surpasses the previous record holder, Polish Radio pole in KonstantynÃÆ'³w, Poland.
- January 17, 2009: Elevated at 829.8 m (2,722Ã, ft).
- October 1, 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior of the building has been completed.
- January 4, 2010: Official Burj Khalifa launch ceremony is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honor of the UAE President and Abu Dhabi ruler Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan.
- March 10, 2010: Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitats declares the Burj Khalifa the tallest building in the world.
Real estate values ​​
In March 2009, Mohamed Ali Alabbar, project development chairman, Emaar Properties, said that the price of office space in Burj Khalifa reached US $ 4,000 per sq ft (more than US $ 43,000 per m²) and Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, sold for US. $ 3,500 per sq ft (over US $ 37,500 per m²). He estimates the total cost for the project to be approximately US $ 1.5 billion.
The completion of this project coincides with the global financial crisis of 2007-2012, and with extensive overbuilding in the country, which leads to high vacancy and foreclosures. With Dubai mired in debt from its huge ambitions, the government was forced to seek billions of dollars worth of bailouts from its oil-rich neighbor, Abu Dhabi. Furthermore, in a surprise move at its opening ceremony, the tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, saying in honor of UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan for his crucial support.
Due to declining demand in the Dubai property market, rental rates in Burj Khalifa plummeted 40% around ten months after its opening. Of the 900 apartments in the tower, 825 was empty at the time. However, over the next two and a half years, overseas investors continue to buy available apartments and office space. In October 2012, Emaar reported that about 80% of the apartments are occupied.
Official launch ceremony
The ceremony was broadcast live on a giant screen on Burj Park Island and on a smaller screen elsewhere. Hundreds of media from around the world report live from the scene. In addition to media presence, 6,000 guests are expected.
The opening is held on January 4, 2010. The ceremony features a display of 10,000 fireworks, light beams projected in and around the tower, and further sound, light and water effects. Celebration lighting was designed by the English lighting designer Speirs and Major Associates. Uses 868 powerful stroboscope lamps integrated into faÃÆ'§ade and tower towers, different illuminated lighting sequences, along with more than 50 combinations of other effects.
Short films about the Burj Khalifa and Dubai are generally followed by fireworks and light shows. The first part of the event is based on desert flower themes and includes fireworks, lights, and sounds. The second segment tells the story of tower construction using 300 projectors to produce tower images. The last segment uses fireworks and lights to illuminate the tower.
Reception
Awards
In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of the "Highest Building in Middle East & Africa Best of 2010" award by the High Buildings and Urban Habitats Council. On September 28, 2010, Burj Khalifa won the award for the best project of the year at the Middle East Architect Awards 2010. Chairman Gordon Gill Award, from Adrian Smith Gordon Gill Architecture, said:
We are talking about buildings here that have changed the landscape of what is possible in the architecture of buildings that became internationally recognized as icons long before it was even completed. 'Building of the Century' is considered a more appropriate title to it.
Burj Khalifa is also the recipient of the award.
BASE jump
This building has been used by some experienced BASE jumpers for official and unauthorized BASE jumps: In May 2008, Hervà ©  © Le Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, illegally infiltrated the Burj Khalifa (about 650 m by then), and jumped from a balcony located several floors below the floor onto -160.
Ascend
On March 28, 2011, Alain "Spiderman" Robert conquered the outer Burj Khalifa. Climbing to the top of the tower takes about six hours. To comply with UAE safety laws, Robert, who usually climbs in free solo style, uses straps and straps.
Fatalities
In the 17-month official opening of the building, a man described as "an Asian in his mid-30s" working at one of the companies in the tower, died of a suicide on May 10, 2011 by jumping from the 147th floor. He fell 39 floors , landed on the deck on the 108th floor. Dubai police confirmed the action as suicide, reporting that "[they] also know that the man decided to commit suicide because his company refused permission."
The Daily Mail reported that on November 16, 2014 Laura Vanessa Nunes, a Portuguese citizen residing in Dubai on a tourist visa, fell to her death from the "At the Top" observation deck at Burj Khalifa in 148 floor. However, on May 18, 2015, Dubai police denied a report made by the Daily Mail on this incident and said that this incident occurred at Jumeirah Lakes Towers. The Dubai coroner's report stated that his body was found on the third floor of the Burj Khalifa. Emails obtained under the Freedom of Information Act of the Portuguese embassy in the UAE also confirmed that he had committed suicide from the 148th floor of Burj Khalifa.
Ramadan adherence on the higher floor
On the higher floors, one can still see the sun for a few minutes after it is finished. This has led to the clerics of Dubai to decide that those living on the 80th floor must wait 2 extra minutes to break the Ramadan fast, and those living on the 150th floor, 3 minutes.
Labor controversy
The Burj Khalifa was built mainly by workers from South Asia and East Asia. This is generally because the current generation of UAE residents prefers government work and does not have the attitude of supporting private sector work. On June 17, 2008, there were about 7,500 skilled workers working at the construction site. A press report indicated in 2006 that an expert carpenter on the site earned £ 4.34 per day, and workers earned £ 2.84. According to BBC investigations and Human Rights Watch reports, workers are in bad condition, and work long hours for low wages. During construction, only one construction-related deaths were reported. However, workplace injuries and casualties in the UAE "are not well-documented", according to Human Rights Watch.
On March 21, 2006, about 2,500 workers, upset over the delayed bus at the end of their shift, protested and triggered the riots, damaging cars, offices, computers and construction equipment. A Dubai Interior Ministry official said the rioters caused nearly £ 500,000 in damages. Most of the workers involved rioted back the next day but refused to work.
In popular culture
- Some scenes in the 2011 America action movie Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol were recorded and in Burj Khalifa.
- An alternative version of Burj Khalifa appears in the 2012 video game Spec Ops: The Line .
- In the animated film America 2013 Planes , Dusty Crophopper and aircraft competitors qualify for Burj Khalifa onstage from Germany to India.
- In the 1976 American science fiction film Independence Day: Resurrection , Burj Khalifa seen where it - along with many other structures - is being thrown into London by aliens using their gravity anti gravity drag.
- The Burj Khalifa, alongside other Dubai landmarks, is featured in the Thunder music video by Imagine Dragons.
- In the disaster movie of America 2017 Geostorm , this building was hit by a devastating tsunami, causing the antenna to fall and the building itself tilted at a critical angle.
- Unique design and engineering challenges for building the Burj Khalifa have been featured in a number of television documentary films, including Big, Bigger, Biggest and Mega Builder.
See also
References
External links
- Official website
- "The Burj Dubai Tower Wind Engineering" (PDF) . (597Ã, KB) ( Structure magazine, June 2006)
- "The Wind Engineering of the Burj Dubai Tower" (PDF) . Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. CS1 maint: BOT: unknown original-url status (link) (620 KB) (Irwin et al., November 2006)
- BBC Reports: Burj Khalifa opens, with videos and links; Maintaining the tallest building in the world
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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