Summer thermal energy storage (or STES ) is a hot or cold storage for periods up to several months. Heat energy can be collected whenever it is available and used whenever it is needed, as in the opposite season. For example, the heat from the solar collector or the exhaust heat from the air-conditioning equipment can be collected in hot months for heating use when required, including during the winter. Waste heat from the same industry process can be stored and used much later. Or natural winter cold air can be stored for summer air conditioning. STES stores can service district heating systems, as well as single or complex buildings. Among the seasonal storage used for heating, the design annual temperature peak is generally in the range of 27 to 80 ° C (81 to 180 ° F), and the temperature difference that occurs in storage for a year can be several tens degrees. Some systems use heat pumps to help fill and dispose of storage for part or all of the cycle. For cooling applications, often only circulation pumps are used. The less common term for STES technology is the intakeasonal heat storage energy.
Examples for district heating include the Drake Landing Solar Community where ground storage provides 97% of annual consumption without heat pumps, and Danish pool storage with boosting.
Video Seasonal thermal energy storage
teknologi STES
There are several types of STES technology, which include applications from one small building to the district community heating network. In general, increased efficiency and specific construction costs decreased by size.
Underground thermal energy storage
- UTES (storage of underground heat energy), where the storage medium can be a geological layer from the earth or sand to solid rocks, or aquifers. UTES Technology includes:
- ATES (storage of aquifer heat energy). An ATES store consists of doublets, which number two or more wells into an inner aquifer that is contained between the impermeable geologic layers above and below. Half of the doublets are for water extraction and the other half for reinjection, so the aquifers are kept in hydrological balance, without clean extraction. The heat storage medium (or cold) is the water and the substrate it occupies. The German Reichstag building has been heated and cooled since 1999 with an ATES store, in two aquifers at different depths.
In the Netherlands there are more than 1,000 ATES systems, which are now standard construction options. The significant system has been operating at Richard Stockton College (New Jersey) for several years. ATES has a lower installation cost than BTES because usually fewer holes are drilled, but ATES has higher operating costs. Also, ATES requires certain underground conditions to be feasible, including the presence of an aquifer.
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- BTES (heat storage drill hole). The BTES store can be built in which drill holes can be drilled, and consist of one to hundreds of vertical drill holes, typically 155 mm (6.102 in) in diameter. Systems of all sizes have been built, including many large ones.
The International Energy Agency Energy Conservation through Energy Storage Program (ECES) has held a three-year global energy conference since 1981. The conference initially focused solely on STES, but now the technology has matured other topics such as material phase change ( PCM) and electrical energy storage are also being discussed. Since 1985 every conference has a "stock" (for storage) at the end of its name; such as EcoStock, ThermaStock. They are held in various locations around the world. The latest one is InnoStock 2012 (12th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage) at Lleida, Spain and GreenStock 2015 in Beijing. EnerStock 2018 will be held in Adana, Turkey in April 2018.
The IEA-ECES program continues the previous work of the International Council for Thermal Energy Storage which from 1978 to 1990 has quarterly bulletins and was initially sponsored by the US Department of Energy. This newsletter was originally called Newsletter ATES, and after BTES became a viable technology converted into the STES Newsletter.
Maps Seasonal thermal energy storage
Use STES for passively heated buildings
Passively heated passive buildings typically use ground adjacent to the building as a low-temperature seasonal summer store that in annual cycles reaches the maximum temperature equal to the average annual air temperature, with temperatures drawn for heating in more months cold. Such a system is a feature of building design, as some simple but significant differences from 'traditional' buildings are required. At a depth of about 20 feet (6 m) on the ground, temperatures are naturally stable over the year, if withdrawal does not exceed the natural capacity for solar thermal recovery. The storage system operates within a narrow storage temperature range for a year, compared to other STES systems described above for large annual temperature differences.
Two basic technologies of building a passive sun were developed in the US during the 1970s and 1980s. They utilize heat conduction directly to and from soils that are thermally insulated and protected by moisture as a seasonal storage medium for heating the room, with direct conduction as a method of heat recovery. In one method, "passive annual heat storage" (PAHS), building windows and other exterior surfaces capture the heat of the sun being transferred by conduction through floors, walls, and sometimes roofs, to adjacent thermal buffered soils.
When the interior space is cooler than storage media, the heat is carried back to the living space. Another method, "annual geothermal solar" (AGS) uses a separate solar collector to capture heat. The heat collected is transmitted to a storage device (earth, gravel or water tank) passively by convection of heat transfer media (eg air or water) or actively by pumping it. This method is usually carried out with a capacity designed for six months of heating.
A number of examples of the use of solar thermal storage from around the world include: Suffolk One college in East Anglia, England, which uses heat collectors from pipes grown in the bus bend area to collect solar energy which is then stored in 18 boreholes each 100 meters (330Ã , Ft) is far away for use in winter heating. Drake Landing Solar Community in Canada uses a solar thermal collector on the roof of a garage of 52 homes, which is then stored in a boreholes arrangement in 35 meters (115Ã, ft). The soil can reach temperatures in excess of 70 ° C which is then used to heat the house passively. This scheme has been running successfully since 2007. In BrÃÆ'Â|dstrup, Denmark, about 8,000 square meters (86,000 sqÃ, ft) of solar thermal collectors are used to collect about 4,000,000 kWh/year equally stored in an array of 50 meters (160Ã, ft). ) deep drill holes.
Liquid engineering
Architects Matyas Gutai obtained an EU grant to build a house in Hungary that uses wall panels filled with vast water as heat collectors and reservoirs with underground heat storage tanks. Design using microprocessor control.
Small building with STES internal water tank
A number of small apartment houses and buildings have demonstrated incorporating a large internal water tank for heat storage with a solar thermal collector mounted on the roof. Storage temperatures of 90Ã, Â ° C (194Ã, Â ° F) are sufficient to supply domestic hot water and space heating. The first house was MIT Solar House # 1, in 1939. An eight-unit apartment building in Oberburg, Switzerland was built in 1989, with three tanks storing a total of 118 m 3 (4,167 cubic feet) more heat than the building needs. Since 2011, the design is now being replicated in new buildings.
In Berlin, "Zero Heating Energy House", was built in 1997 as part of the IEA Task 13 low-energy housing demonstration project. It stores water at temperatures up to 90 Ã, Â ° C (194Ã, Â ° F) in a 20 m tank 3 (706 cubic feet) in the basement.
A similar example was built in Ireland in 2009, as a prototype. The seasonal solar store consists of a 23 m 3 tank (812 cuÃ, ft), filled with water, ground-mounted, very insulated around, to store heat from the tube diesel fuel evacuated throughout the year. The system was installed as an experiment to heat the world's first standard pre-fabricated passive house in Galway, Ireland. The goal is to know if this heat is enough to eliminate the need for electricity in homes that have been very efficient during the winter.
STES use in greenhouse
STES is also widely used for greenhouse warming. ATES is the type of storage commonly used for this application. In the summer, greenhouses are cooled with ground water, pumped from the "cold well" in the aquifer. Water is heated in the process, and returned to the "warm well" in the aquifer. When greenhouses need heat, such as prolonging the growing season, water is drawn from a warm well, becoming cold while serving its heating function, and being returned to a cold well. It is a very efficient free cooling system, which uses only circulating pumps and no heat pumps.
See also
References
External links
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140527211906/http://btric.ornl.gov/eere_research_reports/electrically_driven_heat_pumps/ACES_annual_cycle_energy_system/subindex2.html
- December 2005, seasonal thermal store installed at ENERGETIKhaus100
- October 1998, Fujita Research report
- Earth Note: Thermal Store of Tanker Milk with Hot Pump
- Heliostats are used to concentrate solar power (photos)
- Wofati Eco Building with annual thermal inertia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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