Land Support Equipment ( GSE ) is the support equipment found at the airport, usually on the road, the service area by the terminal. This equipment is used to serve aircraft between flights. As the name suggests, ground support equipment is available to support aircraft operations while on the ground. The role of this equipment generally involves power generation operations, aircraft mobility, and cargo/passenger loading operations.
Many airlines do subcontracted ground handling to airports or handling agents, or even to other airlines. The ground handling handles many passenger service requirements between the time he arrives at the terminal gate and time departs for the next flight. Speed, efficiency, and accuracy are important in ground handling services to minimize completion time (the time during which aircraft are still parked at the gate).
Small airlines sometimes subcontract care to a much larger and reputable aircraft carrier, as this is a low-cost, short-term alternative to setting up an independent maintenance base. Some airlines may enter into each other the MAGSA, which is used by airlines to assess maintenance and support costs for aircraft.
Most landline services are not directly related to actual aircraft flying, and instead involve other service tasks. Cabin service ensures passenger comfort and safety. They include tasks such as cleaning passenger cabins and charging on-board consumables or washable items such as soaps, pillows, tissues, blankets, and magazines. A security check was also conducted to ensure no threats were left on the plane. GSE Airport consists of a variety of vehicles and equipment required to serve the aircraft during passenger and loading of cargo and dismantling, maintenance, and other ground operations. The wide range of activities associated with ground-based aircraft operations causes the GSE fleet to be equally broad. For example, activities undertaken during typical gate periods include: loading and unloading of cargo, loading and unloading of passengers, storage of potable water, disposal of toilet waste tanks, refueling aircraft, inspection and maintenance of machinery and aircraft, and food catering and drinks. The airline uses GSE specifically designed to support all of these operations. In addition, AC power and air power are generally required during the operational period of the gate for the comfort and safety of passengers and crew, and often these services are also provided by the GSE.
Video Ground support equipment
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Dollies
Doll for loose baggage is used to transport baggages loose, big bags, letter bags, loose cargo carton boxes, etc. between plane and terminal or sorting facility. Doll for loose baggage is equipped with a brake system that blocks the moving wheels when the connecting rod is not attached to the pull. Most dolls for loose baggage are fully covered except for sides that use plastic curtains to protect items from the weather. In the US, this doll is called Baggage Cart, but in European Baggage Luggage means passenger baggage trolley.
Dollies for unit load devices (ULD) and cargo pallets are standard-size flatbed or platform trolleys, with many wheels, roller rods or ball bearings protruding above the top surface to facilitate loading and unloading ULD and cargo pallets each. Because the ULD/pallet rests on a ball bearing, the doll is equipped with a hinge/key to secure the ULD/palette position on them when pulling the transport. The aviation industry adopts ULD/pallets to be light containers and their respective support platforms, which are intended to be loaded into the aircraft and fly along with their payload, they must have minimum weight and thus have no strong wheel or base structure. In addition, ULD/pallets have strict dimensional standards following the aircraft's cargo space dimensions. Therefore, this doll is specially designed to complement the dimensions of ULD/palette, hinge position/fixtures, weak overall physical strength and transportation needs. Advanced dolls for ULD and palettes, such as those used at the airport apron, may have the following special facilities.
- Roll - Dollies have built-in ball rollers or pads on deck to help move containers or pallets. The advanced doll has two sets of power-driven rollers, one set of moving the container forward and backward, and the other moving it left and right. The right movement is needed to align the center of gravity of the container to the center of the deck, or the doll can rotate as it moves. In addition, the container or palette on the doll is secured with a lock attached.
- Scrolling platforms - Some dolls have a rotating platform to facilitate turning the ULD in the right direction before moving it to the cargo conveyor belt or the ULD/pallet lift that leads to the aircraft space. Some rotating platforms are powered by electricity.
- Brakes - Dolls have mechanical brakes that automatically lock the dolly wheels when the towbar is in the parking orientation (vertical), and automatically releases the dolly wheel when the towbar is in the pulling orientation (horizontal). No explicit locking/unlocking action required by the operator.
Fleet management Dollies is a particular problem for the airport equipment support industry. Dolls are not expensive consumable equipment like hand trolleys. Many dolls (thousands) in big airport apron. An airport usually has more than one dolly fleet operator, using a doll that is not very different in appearance, and each operator uses many types of dolls simultaneously. Apron is a large area that uses direct vision to find items is not easy. A puppet in operation requires detachment and repetitive attachment of the pull and other dolls. This is not controlled access (no need to use car keys, like cars). It's not always watched by the same driver (every tractor can come to take a dolly and pull him, sometimes mistakenly). As a result of all of the above factors, dolls are missing/wrong on the apron, or at least fleet management is a continuing burden for ground support equipment operators. The main airport started attaching active RFID tag power to the Dollies to facilitate their fleet management. Active RFID tags can be detected at distances up to 100 m in open space from fixed RFID reader antennas, which can be mounted on the aircraft loading bridge. The RFID tag reports the doll facility number as well as the status of "weak battery" and "strong collision", making managing RFID tags (and thus dolly related) easier.
Chocks
Chocks are used to prevent the aircraft from moving when parked at a gate or in a hangar. Chocks are placed in front ('fore') and back ('back') wheeled landing gear. They are made of hardwood or hard rubber. The company's safety guidelines in the US almost always specify that chocks should be used in pairs on the same wheel and they must be placed in physical contact with the wheels. Therefore, "chocks" are usually found in pairs that are connected by a segment of ropes or cables. The word "chock" is also used as a verb, which is defined as the act of placing chocks in front and behind the wheel.
Tripod Jack Aircraft
They are used to support parked planes to prevent their tails drooping or even falling to the ground. When the passenger in front gets off the plane, the plane becomes a heavy tail and its tail will droop. Using a jack is optional but not all planes need it. When needed, they are pulled to the tail and regulated by labor. After setting, no supervision to the jack is required until the plane is ready to depart.
Ladder Aircraft Service
Aircraft Services Stair helps maintenance technicians to reach the bottom of the aircraft.
Maps Ground support equipment
Powerful tools
Chargers
The aircraft fuel charger may be a standalone fuel truck, or a hydrant truck or train. Fuel trucks are self-contained, typically containing up to 10,000 gallons of US fuel and have pumps, filters, hoses, and other equipment. Train hydrants or truck hooks to the central pipe network and provide fuel to the aircraft. There are significant advantages with hydrant systems when compared to fuel trucks, as fuel trucks need to be refilled periodically.
Tugs and tractors
The tugs and tractors at the airport have several purposes and represent a significant part of the ground support services. They are used to move all equipment that can not move alone. These include bag carts, mobile air conditioning units, air starters, and toilet baskets.
Soil power unit
The ground-power unit (GPU) is a vehicle capable of supplying power to parked aircraft on the ground. The ground power unit can also be built into the jetway, making it easier to supply power to the plane. Many planes require 28 V direct current and 115 V 400 Hz alternating current. Electrical energy is brought from the generator to the connections on the plane through a 3 phase 4-wire cable capable of handling 261 amps (90 kVA). This connector is standard for all aircraft, as defined in ISO 6858.
The so-called "solid state unit" converts power from AC to DC along with the current separation for the power requirements of the aircraft. Solid state units can be provided stationary, bridge-mounted or as mobile units.
Container container
Container loader, also known as loader loader or "K loader", is used for loading and lowering containers and pallets in and out of aircraft. Loaders have two platforms that go up and down independently. The container or palette on the loader is removed with the help of a roller or a built-in wheel. There are different container and pallet loaders.
- 3.5 T
- 7 T (standard, wide-body, universal, high)
- 14 T
- 30 T
For military transport aircraft, special containers and palette loaders are used. Some military applications use air loaders, which can be transported in the transport plane itself. Container and pallet containers are mainly manufactured in France, Germany, Latvia, Spain, Canada, Brazil, Japan, China, and the United States.
Carrier
The carrier is a cargo platform built so that, in addition to loading and unloading the containers, they can also transport the cargo. This transporter is not normally used in the United States.
Air Start Unit (ASU)
The Air Start unit is a device used to power an aircraft engine when the aircraft's APU is not operating. There are three main types of devices that exist today: stored air bins, gas turbine based units, and screw-driven diesel engine screw compressors. All three devices create a high-pressure air source to start the aircraft engine. Usually one or two hoses are connected to these units, with the largest aircraft engines requiring three.
Water truck
Drinking water trucks are special vehicles that provide reliability and consistency in delivering quality water to an aircraft. Water is filtered and protected from elements when stored in vehicles. The pump in the vehicle helps move the water from truck to plane.
Transport services toilet
Vehicle empty toilet service and toilet refills on airplanes. Waste is stored in the tank on the plane until this vehicle can empty them and dispose of the trash. After the tank is emptied, refilled with a mixture of water and a disinfecting concentrate, commonly called 'blue juice'. Instead of self-powered vehicles, some airports have toilet baskets, which are smaller and should be pulled by a pull.
Serving vehicles
Catering includes loading and unloading of unused food and beverages from aircraft, and loading of fresh food and drinks for passengers and crew. Food is usually delivered in standard carts. Food is prepared mostly on the ground to minimize the amount of preparation (other than cold or reheating) required in the air.
Catering vehicles consist of rear body, lifter system, platform and electro-hydraulic control mechanism. Vehicles can be lifted, dropped and platforms can be moved to the premises in front of the aircraft.
In-flight food is prepared in a flight kitchen which is a fully HACCP certified facility where food is made in a sterile and controlled environment. The packaged food is then placed in the trollies and driven to the Catering truck in the flight kitchen, which can be located within a 5 km radius from the airport.
There the vehicle went to the airport and parked in front of the plane. The stabilizer is deployed and the van body is lifted. Platforms can be controlled properly to move left and right and out and out so that it is aligned with the door properly.
The body is made of insulated panels and is able to maintain 0 degree temperatures using a cooling unit.
Higher special type catering trucks have been designed for the Airbus A380 because of its unique height.
Belt loader
Belt loader is a vehicle with a conveyor belt to unload and load luggage and cargo to the aircraft. A belt loader is positioned on the threshold of an aircraft handle (trunk compartment) during operation. Belt loaders are used for narrow aircraft, and most are wide-bodied aircraft. Storing baggage without container is known as bulk load .
Stairs up passengers
Ladder passengers, sometimes referred to as landing ramps , car ladder or plane steps , provide a means of moving to traverse between aircraft and ground gates. Because the larger aircraft have door frames as high as 5 to 20 feet, the stairs facilitate safe boarding and deplaning. The smaller units are generally moved by towed or pushed, while larger units have their own power. Most models have adjustable heights to accommodate various planes. Optional features may include canopies, heating, additional lighting, and red carpet for VIP passengers. A jet bridge can be used to board a larger aircraft, but stairs that use the land used are currently unavailable or impractical.
Pullback and tractor drives
Tug pushback is mostly used to push the plane away from the gate when it's ready to go. These Tugs are very powerful and because of the large engines, sometimes referred to as machines with wheels. Snooze pushes can also be used to pull the plane in various situations, such as hangars. Tugs of different sizes are required for different plane sizes. Some tugs use tow-bar as a connection between tug and plane, while other snooze lifts the nose from the ground to make it easier to pull or push. Recently there was a boost to an untied tractor when a larger aircraft was designed. Dean anti-icing De/anti-
The de/anti-icing procedure, protection from frozen fluid in aircraft, is carried out from special vehicles. This vehicle has a boom, like a cherry picker, to allow easy access to the entire plane. Hose sprayed a special mixture that melts the ice currently on the plane and also prevents ice from forming while waiting on the ground.
Aircraft rescue and firefighting
Rescue and fire fighting aircraft (ARFF) is a special category of firefighting that involves response, hazard mitigation, evacuation, and possible rescue of passengers and crew members involved in (usually) airport ground emergencies.
See also
- AERO Specialties
- Aircraft ground handling
- Road bag
- Drag the luggage
- Charging station
- Electric cart
- Electric truck
- International Hydraulics, INC.
- Non-path machine
- Disclaimer
- Visual Guides Documentation System (VGDS)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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