Terminal 5 Heathrow is the airport terminal at Heathrow Airport, the main airport serving London. Opened in 2008, the main building in the complex is the largest freestanding structure in the United Kingdom. Terminal 5 is currently used exclusively as one of the three global hubs of International Airlines Group, served by British Airways and Iberia, with the others being London Gatwick South and Madrid Barajas Terminal 4. Prior to 2012, the terminal was only used by British Airways..
The terminal is designed to handle 35 million passengers per year. In 2015, Terminal 5 handles 33.1 million passengers on 215,716 flights; 44.6% of airport passengers on 46.6% of flights with an average of 153 passengers per flight. It is the busiest terminal at the airport, measured both by the number of passengers and flight movement.
The leading architect of the building comes from Richard Rogers Partnership and the production design is completed by the airline architect Pascall Watson. The engineers for the structure are Arup and Mott MacDonald. The building cost 4 billion pounds and took nearly 20 years from conception to completion, including the longest public inquiry into British history.
Video Heathrow Terminal 5
History
Packages
Possibly the fifth terminal at Heathrow appeared as early as 1982, when there was a debate over whether Stansted's expansion or Heathrow expansion (recommended by BA) was the way forward for the UK aviation industry. The planning study for the terminal began in February 1988 and Richard Rogers was chosen to design the terminal in 1989. Rogers compared his design with Center Pompidou, a previous project that had the same flexibility in space use.
BAA formally announced a proposal for the construction of the T5 in May 1992, filed a formal planning petition on February 17, 1993. The public inquiry into the proposal began on May 16, 1995 and lasted nearly four years, eventually ending on March 17, 1999 after sitting for 525 days. The investigation, based at the Renaissance Hotel Heathrow, is the longest planning inquiry ever undertaken in the UK. Finally, more than eight years after the initial planning application, then transport minister Stephen Byers announced on 20 November 2001 the British government's decision to grant planning permission for the construction of the fifth passenger terminal at Heathrow.
Construction
Construction, conducted by Laing O'Rourke, began in September 2002, with ground work for the construction of the foundation of the building. An archaeological excavation on site preparation found over 80,000 artifacts. In November the following year, work began on the steel superstructure of the main terminal building. In January 2005, nine tunnels were needed to provide road and rail access, and to provide drainage, were completed. In March of that year, the sixth and final section of the main terminal roof was lifted into position, and in December the building was weatherproofed. The roof can not be lifted with a conventional crane as it will penetrate vertically to the airport radar field. Therefore, the roof is assembled on the ground using a smaller crane, then lifted into place by eight specially built towers, each equipped with two hydraulic jack to pull the roof up. At its peak there were about 8,000 people working on the construction site, while during the project period over 60,000 people were involved in the construction. More than 15,000 volunteers were recruited with a total of 68 trials that lasted from September 2007 to March 2008 to test the operational readiness of Terminal 5 prior to its opening.
Opening
Queen Elizabeth II officially opened Terminal 5 in a ceremony on March 14, 2008. Used exclusively by British Airways (and now IAG (Iberia)), the terminal was opened for passenger use on 27 March 2008, with BA26 flight from Hong Kong arrival its first at 04:50 GMT. The first passenger to enter Terminal 5 was Paul Walker, a former British explorer from Kenya who entered through security at 4:30 am on March 27, 2008 and was given a boarding pass by British Airways CEO Willie Walsh for the first flight departing BA302 to Paris.
On opening day, it quickly became clear that the new terminal did not operate as planned, forcing British Airways to cancel 34 flights and suspend check-in baggage. Over the next 10 days, about 42,000 bags failed to travel with their owners, and over 500 flights were canceled. British Airways was unable to operate its full schedule from Terminal 5 to 8 April 2008 and had to delay the transfer of long-haul flights from Terminal 4 to Terminal 5. Difficulties were then blamed on a number of problems with the IT system terminal, plus car parking. Four months after the opening, British Airways launched an advertising campaign to convince the public that everything is normal.
Maps Heathrow Terminal 5
Site
Overview
Building Terminal 5 is located on an area of ​​260 hectares (640-acre) on the west side of the airport, between the western end of the northern and southern bases. The site was previously occupied by Perry Oaks waste work and a small plantation area called Burrows Hill Close Estate, and east of the M25 highway; see also Heathrow (hamlet). Two artificial waterways, the Longford River and the Dukes of Northumberland, originally flowed in the middle of the site. Most of the terminals are in Harmondsworth's ecclesiastical parish. The southern part, including the train station, is in Stanwell's ecclesiastical parish. The entire area is at London Borough of Hillingdon.
Twin River Deployment Scheme
One of the most important civil engineering subprojects of the Terminal construction program is the transfer of the Longford River and the Duke of Northumberland around the western perimeter of the airport. This is a complicated scheme, which involves not only the re-routing of the two rivers but also the redrawing of the double track A3044 and the Western Perimeter Road. The challenge is complicated by tight time constraints and work closeness with the local population. Further restrictions on site activity are generated from the above flight paths of both runways. 95% of the diverted rivers are placed in two man-made ducts over 6 kilometers (3.7 miles), compared to only 50% of the original river delivered below the runway in the culverts. The Twin Rivers Diversion scheme achieves the Environmental Quality of Civil Engineering Award (CEEQUAL) for its ability to maintain high standards and environmental quality during project design and construction. It involves a lot of moving and planting wildlife streams and plants.
Building
The Terminal 5 complex includes several buildings, new control towers and a train station. The main terminal building is referred to as Terminal 5A. There are two satellite buildings, Terminal 5B and Terminal 5C. At the time of opening, Terminals 5A and Terminal 5B were completed, while Terminal 5C, built by Carillion, is under construction and is scheduled to open in May 2010; but only opened in June 2011. The entire complex is fronted by a separate building containing road transport facilities. Inside the complex there are over 100 shops and restaurants.
Terminal 5
The main terminal building is 396 meters (1,299 feet) long, 176 meters (577 feet) wide and 40 meters (130 feet). It is the largest building in the Terminal 5 complex and is the largest freestanding building in the UK. The four stories are covered by a single undulating corrugated steel roof, with a glass façade tilted at 6.5 degrees to the vertical. The area covered by the roof is a size of five football pitches, and each section weighs 2,200 tons.
T5A contains a check-in hall, departure hall with retail stores and other passenger services, and baggage retrieval hall. T5A contains most of the baggage handling system of terminals. This baggage handling system is the largest in the world with 5 miles (8.0 km) of high-speed lines and 11 miles (18 km) from regular conveyor belts. It is designed to handle 4,000 bags per hour, and also has an "early bag store" that can hold up to 4,000 bags for a while.
Passengers departing for departure on the third floor with elevators or escalators from the interchange square. Upon entering the departure area, passengers see the sights across Heathrow and the surrounding area, and are in an unobstructed space to the roof rising above. After check-in and security checks, the air departure room also provides views of the airport, runways and so on.
British Airways maintains an office facing the main Terminal 5 passenger handling area, designed to allow staff to have, in the words Weekly Transportation Flight , "visual connections to customers". When Terminal 5 opened on 27 March 2008, British Airways staff, including the crew's check-in staff, moved from the Compass Center to Terminal 5. London-based interior designer Katharine Pooley was assigned to design the interior of the Windsor Suite that accepts and organizes VIPs.
Building a satellite terminal
Terminal 5B is the first satellite building built. Terminal 5C is the second satellite building, opened unofficially on May 20, 2011, with official opening on June 1, 2011, along with the relaunch of British Airways service to San Diego. The 5B terminal measures 442 meters (1,450Ã, ft) long 52 meters (171Ã, ft) wide and 19.5 meters high (64Ã, ft), and contains 37 lifts and 29 escalators.
There is also the potential to build an additional satellite, T5D, to be placed east of T5C, as shown in Heathrow's Capital Investment Plan for 2009.
Automatic underground mobile driver (APM), known as Transit , connects passengers between Terminals 5A, Terminals 5B, and Terminal 5C.
At the level below the APM is a pavement sidewalk, which is open for passenger use by 2015.
Frontal building
Unlike most airport terminals, the main terminal building does not have direct road access. Instead it is fronted by a 6-level frontal building, which contains a bus station and a taxi stand (at ground level), a 3,800-storey car park (level 1 to 4) and a drop zone (level 5)). A walkway on the 1st floor of the front building provides access under cover to the Sofitel Heathrow Airport T5 Hotel, while the 2nd level is used for links to long term business parking spaces (see below).
The frontal building is connected to the main terminal with a covered walkway at the ground level (arrival level of main terminal building) and skybridges at level 5 (departure level). The combination of two buildings with a connecting path creates a series of open pages. While one of these pages is occupied by the access structure for the railway station below, the other contains a dancing fountain and a small forest of 40 London Plane trees, and accessible to passengers and other terminal visitors.
New control tower
At design time, the proposed height of Terminal 5 is so high that it will block the runway view from the Heathrow Airport control tower. Therefore, before construction begins in the terminal building, a higher air traffic control tower is built. The £ 50 million cost was assembled off-site before maneuvering into positions inside the central terminal area close to Terminal 3 Heathrow, during 2004. The new control tower weighs nearly 1000 tons and is 87 meters (285Ã, ft) tall, making it one of the highest in Europe and twice the height of Nelson's London Column. It started operations in April 2007.
Airlines
British Airways used Terminal 5 to operate most of their flights serving Heathrow. On 30 March 2014, the flight to Tel Aviv moved to this terminal from Terminal 1. On 30 June 2015 when Terminal 1 was closed, flights to Amman - Ratu Alia, Baku, Beirut, Cairo and Hannover moved to this terminal from the former Terminal 1. Some destinations on 15 October 2015 are served from Terminal 3 due to capacity restrictions at Terminal 5. British Airways to Palermo previously operated from Terminal 5, but in March 2017, he transferred his flights to Terminal 3. Since March 2012, a subsidiary of International Airlines Group Iberia has been operating from Terminal 5 as well. Terminal 5 also serves UK and Irish flights such as Heathrow Terminal 2, unlike Terminal 3 Heathrow and Terminal 4 Heathrow
Ground Transport
The transport network around the airport has been expanded to cope with the increasing number of passengers. This has involved the widening of the M25 toll road and the construction of new branches from both Heathrow Express and Piccadilly London Underground lines.
Train links
Terminal 5 is served by Terminal 5 Heathrow station, located below the main terminal building, and serves the London Underground and Heathrow Express train connections to the terminal. The railway station also has two additions, a platform that is not currently in use, for use by possible western rail connections.
Heathrow Express provides express service to Paddington station in central London, stopping only at Heathrow Central station. The train departs every 15 minutes and the travel time to Paddington is 21 minutes. Premium rates are charged for services to Paddington. However, no fees are charged for travel to Heathrow Central, which provides access to Terminals 1 through 3, to Heathrow Central Airport bus terminals, and to the Heathrow Connect semi-fast rail service to Paddington. Terminal 4 can be reached by converting the train to the Heathrow Express Shuttle service at Heathrow Central, which is also free of fares for this trip.
The Piccadilly Line from London Underground provides a slower, but much cheaper, stop service to central London, with travel time between 45 minutes and an hour depending on the exact destination. The train runs every 10 minutes, and provides services to many stations on the way to and in central London, with exchanges available to the entire London Underground network. The Piccadilly Line is integrated into the Transport tariff system for London.
Terminal 5 is also serviced by express buses RailAir, which connects terminal bus terminal (see below) with Reading station, to train service to west, and Woking station, to train service to the south.
Street link
Special toll boosters are built from the M25 between intersections 14 and 15 to the terminal. The spur also connects to the airport perimeter road, and provides direct connection to the frontal building at ground level (for bus stations and taxi rank), level 4 (for car parking) and level 5 (for assigned departure). Car parking spaces on floors 1 to 3 are accessed from a series of spiral ramps that descend from level 4 to ground level.
In addition to a short-term car park in front of the main terminal, Terminal 5 is also serviced by separate businesses and long-term parking spaces. It is accessed from the airport perimeter road and a bit far from the terminal. Long term car parking is connected to the bus terminal, and the business car park is serviced by an elevated private high-speed system (see below).
The terminal is also connected to Terminals 1, 2 and 3 by the Air Transport Tunnel, although, as the name implies, it is not available for public traffic.
Bus link
Buses and coaches in the frontal building are serviced by a number of bus and coach services, including National Express long distance coach service, "The Airline" service operating from Oxford, RailAir bus, local public bus service, shuttle bus to hotel airport, parking long-term cars and lots of car rentals, and shuttle bus staff.
Because Terminal 5 is close to the Greater London border, some local buses are part of the London Bus network, while others are run by operators from outside the London Bus area.
Personal quick transit system
A high-speed private high-speed transport system with a speed of 2.4 miles (3.9 km) connects the car park near the hotel and the main building of Terminal 5A. The system was opened for public use in May 2011, although its use was initially described as a passenger test, with full service beginning in September of the same year. The system has been designed by Bristol-based Advanced Transport Systems for their ULTra design, and the goal is that it will eventually carry passengers around the perimeter fence to Terminals 2 and 3.
Automatic person movers
Automatic underground person-driver systems (APM), to the Bombardier Innovia APM 200 design, are used to transport passengers between buildings 5A, 5B, and 5C. Known as Transit Train , the APM system is located on the air side and thus only available to passengers and other authorized personnel.
The system can accommodate up to 6,000 passengers per hour and the train runs at 50 kilometers per hour (31 mph) with travel time of 45 seconds.
Passengers descend to the station via a pair of escalators "considered the largest in Europe in an open environment". The escalator is also the longest in the UK, longer than at the Underground Underground station on the London Underground, which has held the title since 1992.
References
External links
Media related to Terminal 5 Heathrow on Wikimedia Commons Geographic data related to Terminal 5 Heathrow in OpenStreetMap
- Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 Guide
- The British Airways Terminal 5 website
- The Richard Rogers Partnership site on T5
- T5 technical logistics challenge, Ingenia magazine , March 2008
- Airport Technology
- Construction specifications
- Mott MacDonald
- Laing O'Rourke
- British Panoramic
- Terminal 5 on YouTube
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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