Modular buildings and modular houses are sectional prefabricated buildings, or houses, consisting of several sections called modules. "Modular" is a construction method that is different from other development methods. The module section is built in off site facilities (sometimes, remote), then sent to the intended site. Complete construction of prefabricated parts completed on site. The prefabricated section is sometimes lifted and placed on a dungeon wall using a crane, the prefabricated parts module is set to the foundation of the building and joined together to create one building. Modules can be placed side by side, end-to-end, or stacked, allowing various configurations and styles in the layout of the building.
Modular buildings, also called prefabricated homes or precision-built homes , are built to the same or higher building standards as built homes. This building method is referred to as permanent modular construction . Modular homes are built together and are considered the same as houses built with sticks. The material for stick built and modular house is the same. The modular house does not double or the mobile home. First, modular homes have no metal axles or frames, meaning that they are usually transported to their site by using flatbed trucks. Second, modular buildings must comply with all local building codes for their intended use, while double buildings and mobile homes have metal beneath the frame. Doublewides and mobile homes created in the United States, are required to comply with federal codes governed by the HUD (US Department of Housing and Urban Development).
Video Modular building
Usage
Modular buildings can be used for long-term, temporary or permanent facilities, such as construction camps, schools and classrooms, civil and military housing, and industrial facilities. Modular buildings are used in remote and rural areas where conventional construction may be unreasonable or may be, for example, Halley VI accommodation pods used for Antarctic BAS expeditions. Other uses include churches, health care facilities, sales and retail offices, fast food restaurants and yacht construction. They can also be used in areas that have weather problems, such as hurricanes.
Maps Modular building
Construction process
Offsite construction, using lean manufacturing techniques to create single or multilevel buildings in the module portion that can be shipped. The PMC building is produced in a controlled setting and can be constructed of wood, steel, or concrete. Modular components are usually built indoors on the assembly line. Module construction may take ten days but more often one to three months. PMC modules can be integrated into on-site or stand-alone projects and can be delivered with MEP, interior fixtures and solutions.
The building is 60% to 90% complete offsite in a factory-controlled environment, and transported and assembled in the final building location. This may consist of entire buildings or become larger components or substructures. In many cases, modular contractors work with traditional general contractors to exploit the resources and advantages of each type of construction. The completed module is transported to the building site and assembled by a crane. Module placement can take from several hours to several days.
A permanently modular building is built to meet or exceed building codes and standards similar to those constructed on site and materials specified by the same architect used in conventionally constructed buildings used in modular construction projects. PMC can have as many stories as permitted by building codes. Unlike displacement buildings, the PMC structure is intended to remain in one location during its useful life.
Manufacturing Considerations
The whole modular construction process places importance on the design stage. This is where a practice such as Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) is used to ensure that the assembly tolerance is controlled during manufacture and assembly on the site. It is vital that there is sufficient allowance in the design to allow assembly to take "leeway" or component alignments. The use of advanced CAD systems, 3D printing and manufacturing control systems is essential for modular construction in order to be successful. It's not like in a construction site where a merchant can often make parts according to a particular installation.
Advantages
Modular buildings can also contribute to the LEED requirements in any category that can be constructed by site construction, and may even provide benefits in the areas of the Sustainable Site, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. Modular construction may also benefit in a similar category in the International Green Construction Code.
Disadvantages
- Volumetric: Transporting part of modular building that has finished takes up a lot of space.
- Flexibility: Due to transport and sometimes production restrictions, module sizes can be limited, affecting room size.
- Some financial institutions may be hesitant to offer loans for modular homes.
Market acceptance
Some home buyers and some lending institutions resist the consideration of modular homes as a value equivalent to home-built homes. While the house itself may be of equal quality, embedded zoning rules and psychological market factors may create barriers for buyers or modular home builders and should be considered as part of the decision-making process when exploring this type of home as a residence and/or option investation. In the UK and Australia, modular homes have been accepted in several regional areas; However, they are not commonly built in big cities. Modular homes are becoming increasingly common in urban areas of Japan, due to improvements in design and quality, speed and cohesiveness of assembly in place, as well as lower costs and ease of repair after an earthquake. The latest innovations allow modular buildings to be indistinguishable from structures built on site. Surveys show that individuals can seldom distinguish between modular homes and locally built homes.
Modular home vs. car house
Differences include building codes that govern the construction, the type of materials used and how they are valued by the bank for lending purposes. Modular homes are built either for local or state building codes as opposed to manufactured homes, which are also built in factories but are governed by federal building codes. The codes that govern the construction of modular homes are exactly the same code that governs the construction of houses built on site. In the United States, all modular houses are built in accordance with the International Building Code (IBC), IRC, BOCA or codes that have been adopted by local jurisdictions. In some states, such as California, mobile homes must remain registered annually, such as standard vehicles or trailers, with the Department of Motor Vehicles or other state agents. This is true even if the owner moves the ax and puts it on a permanent foundation.
Identify mobile or homepage
A mobile home should have a small metal label on the outside of each section. If you can not find the tag, you should be able to find details about the house in the electrical panel box. This tag should also reveal the creation date. Modular homes do not have metal labels on the outside but will have dataplate installed inside the house, usually under kitchen sinks or in cabinets. Dataplate will provide information such as manufacturers, third party inspection bodies, tool information, and creation dates.
Materials
Materials used in modular homes are usually the same as homes built on site. Wooden floors, walls and roofs are often used. Some modular homes include brick or stone exteriors, granite counters and steep roofs. Modulars can be designed to sit on a perimeter or underground foundation. In contrast, the car house is built with a steel chassis that is an integral part of the integrity of the floor system. Modular buildings can be custom made to client specifications. Current designs include multi-story units, multi-family units and entire apartment complexes. The negative stereotypes commonly associated with mobile homes have prompted some manufacturers to start using the term "off-site construction".
Financing
Mobile homes often require special lenders.
Modular homes on the other hand are financed as home building sites with construction loans
Zoning standards and considerations
Typically, modular living quarters are built for local, state or board codes, so the residence of a particular manufacturing facility has different construction standards depending on the final destination of the module. The most important zones to be considered by manufacturers are the local wind, hot, and snow load zones. For example, homes built for final assembly in hurricane-prone areas, earthquakes or floods may include additional buffers to meet local building regulations. Steel and/or wood framing is a common option for building modular homes.
Some US courts have ruled that zoning restrictions applicable to mobile homes do not apply to modular homes because modular homes are designed to have a permanent foundation. In addition, in the US, differences in ratings between modular homes and on-site homes are often overlooked in real estate valuation practices; modular homes can, in some market areas, (depending on local appraisal practices as per the Professional Practice Professional Practice Assessment) are evaluated in the same way as dwellings built in places of equal quality. In Australia, home garden manufactured is governed by additional laws that do not apply to permanent modular homes. The possibility of developing in equality between modular housing types and being built on site for real estate, financing and zoning valuations can increase modular home sales over time.
Strength building
Modular homes are designed to be stronger than traditional homes with, for example, replacing spikes with screws, adding glue to joints, and using 8-10% more wood than conventional homes. This is to help the module maintain its structural integrity as they are transported by truck to the construction site; However, it is difficult to predict the strength of the final building because the module must withstand the transport pressures that traditional homes have never experienced.
The isolated form of concrete is a dry-stacked modular unit (without mortar) and filled with concrete. Concrete formation insulation has an acceptable ductility when used in high seismic risk zones.
When FEMA studied the destruction done by Hurricane Andrew in Dade County Florida, they concluded that modular houses and brick pairs fared best compared to other constructions.
CE mark
The CE mark is a construction norm that ensures the user's mechanical endurance and structural strength. This is a label given by an empowered European community authority for complete process control and search.
All manufacturing operations are being monitored and recorded:
- Suppliers must be recognized and certified,
- The raw materials and items being sourced will be recorded by the batch used,
- The base product is recorded and the quality is monitored,
- Assembly quality is managed and gradually evaluated,
- When the modular unit is completed, the entire test circuit is performed and if the quality standard is met, the unique number and EC stamp are attached to and on the unit.
This ID and all details are recorded in the database. Whenever, the producer should be able to reply and provide all information from each production step of one unit, the EC Certification ensures standards in terms of durability, resistance to wind and earthquakes.
Surface and completion
Modular buildings can be assembled on various foundation surfaces, such as crawl space, stage (for flood-prone areas), full basements or standard plates in the classroom. They can also be built for multi-story heights. Motels and other multi-family structures have been built using modular construction techniques. The altitude at which modular structures can be built depends on the jurisdiction, but a number of countries, especially in Asia, allow them to be built up to 24 floors or more.
The surface of the exterior wall can be completed in the production process of the plant or in the case of brick/stone veneer, field application can be a builder choice. Roof system can also be applied in the field after basic installation is completed.
AS. regional differences with modular construction
Weather, population density, geographic distance, and local residential architecture play a role in the use of modular construction for home construction. Because modular construction is so adaptable, it has begun to absorb every region in the US.
Northeast
The northeast part is filled with factories that can combine modular housing design with other construction methods such as paneling and SIP. Modules are usually limited to widths of 16 'and up to 70' in length due to narrow road structures and densely populated areas in the region. Other limitations are placed on transport to locations such as Connecticut, Cape Cod, and Long Island.
Mid-Atlantic
The Mid-Atlantic region is similar to the northeast, in terms of building design and transport restrictions to modules with a width of not more than 16 '.
Southeast
Manufacturers in the Southeast often limit their ability to customize homes and focus on a very traditional one-story floor plan. Most of the southern regions are in coastal areas and strong winds; modular construction may prove to be attractive in this area as it is inherently more robust as it has to be built for transport and fitted installation, thus offering wind resistance as good or higher than construction built on the premises.
Central Plains
The state mainland usually consists of agriculture and rural communities. The farmhouse is the mainstay of this region. Prone to storms and strong tornado conditions, modular construction offers the ability to withstand this storm pattern better than locally built partners. The inter-module enclosures to be created when assembling a modular house on a foundation offers homes that are inherently stronger than construction that can be built on site. The interior is finished on the walls and the ceiling is usually textured. The corners on the interior wall are usually round and the trim edge around the window is optional. Due to wider road and lower population density, the module can be as wide as 20 'and along the 90'. The ability to provide larger modules reduces the number of modules required to complete a home.
Rockies
The design of the house in this area ranges from a chalet-style house to a cabin-style house. Manufacturers in the region because it provides a number of home styles. Capabilities vary from factory to factory as well as the ability to make complete adjustments to floor plans. Transport is limited mostly to 16 'wide modules for traveling area walks.
West Coast
The high cost of living in coastal areas, and especially California, can provide superior modular construction due to lower costs. Extreme building arrangements and environmental requirements may delay resumption of housing starts. Some factories specialize in environmentally responsible construction by following green construction standards and offering zero energy homes.
Living in coastal areas also means that modular house structures must be strong enough to withstand high-speed winds. The modular house, built properly, has some sort of resilience to stand up to high wind speeds without damage problems.
Open modular building
Modular buildings can also be an open and green source.
3D printing can be used to build a house.
The main standards are OpenStructures and Autarkytecture derivatives.
Lock Market
Permanent modular buildings can be used in any application where constructions are built using sticks. The main markets served are K-12 education, student housing for higher education, office space and administration, retail and hospitality, health care, and publicly funded facilities.
Research and Development
Modular construction is the subject of advanced research and development around the world as technology is applied to higher and higher buildings. Research and development is carried out by modular building companies and also research institutes such as Modular Building Institute and Steel Construction Institute. An example of a recent research project is MODCONS.
See also
- Commercial modular construction
- 3D construction printing
- Container home
- Intertek
- House kit
- MAN steel house
- Housing produced
- Modular design
- Pre-built
- Open-source architecture
- Open source hardware
- OpenStructures
- Prefabricated house
- Movable buildings
- House made with stick
- Small house movement
- Toter
References
External links
- Modular Home Builders Association - National trade associations representing legislative and regulatory housing industry interests modular
- National Home Builders Association (United States)
- Modular Building Institute - International trade association representing non-residential modular construction professionals
- Timelapse from modular buildings (English)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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