Clustered is the process by which a new honeybee colony forms when the queen bee leaves the colony with a large group of worker bees. In the main hordes , about 60% of the worker bees leave the original nest site with the old queen. This flock can contain thousands to tens of thousands of bees. The crowd is primarily a spring phenomenon, usually within a period of two or three weeks depending on the locality, but occasional flocks can occur throughout the production season. Secondary afterswarms may occur but are rare. Afterswarms are usually smaller and accompanied by one or more virgin queens. Sometimes the beehive will swarm in a row until it is almost completely exhausted by the worker.
Clustered is a natural way of reproduction of honey bees. In the process of gathering the original single colonists reproduce two and sometimes more colonies. For example, one of the species of honey bees participating in the swarming behavior is Apis cerana. The reproductive herd of this species settles 20-30 m from the christmas nest for a few days and then will leave for the new nest site after getting information from the scout bees. Scout bees look for suitable cavities to build herd houses. The successful scouts will then return and report the location of the appropriate nest for other bees.
Video Swarming (honey bee)
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Workers' bees make the queen cup throughout the year. When the nest is ready to swarm the queen lay the eggs into the queen cup. The new Queen is resurrected and the nest can swarm as soon as the queen cell is closed and before the new virgin queen emerges from their queen cell. A laying queen is too heavy to fly long distances. Therefore, the workers will stop feeding them before the date of the herd is anticipated and the queen will stop laying. Clustered creates a disturbance in the parent cycle of the original colony. During the preparation of the herd, the scout bees will only find the nearest location for the flock to clump. When a herd of honeybees emerges from the nest they do not fly away at first. They can gather in trees or in branches just a few meters from the nest. There, they group queens and send 20-50 spy bees to find a suitable new nest location. This intermediate stop is not a permanent residence and they usually leave in a few hours to the appropriate location. From this temporary location this cluster will determine the location of the last nest based on the excitement level of the scout dancers' dance. It is not uncommon for a swarm group for more than three days at a secondary stop.
The crowd creates a vulnerable time in the life of honeybees. Cast flocks are only provided with the nectar or honey they carry on their stomachs. A swarm of hunger if not quickly find a home and more nectar stores. This is most often the case with early flocks being thrown on a warm day followed by cold weather or spring rains. The remaining colonies after throwing one or more flocks are usually also supplemented with food, but the new queen can be lost or eaten by predators during her mating flight, or bad weather can prevent her mating flight. In this case the nest does not have a young mother further to raise an additional queen, and it will not last. An afterswarm will usually contain a young virgin queen.
Clustered tendencies differ between honeybees. African bees are notorious for their tendency to swarm or escape. Absconding is a process whereby all leaves leave rather than split as they swarm. Being tropical bees, they tend to swarm or flee whenever food becomes scarce, leaving them vulnerable in cooler places. Particularly because of the lack of sufficient winter stores, the African bee colonies tend to die in the winter at higher latitudes.
Generally, weak bee colonies will not be clustered until the colony produces a larger bee population. Weak colonies can be the result of low food supplies, diseases such as Foulbrood's Disease, or from queens that produce eggs in low numbers.
Maps Swarming (honey bee)
Selection of nest sites
Spy bees are the most experienced gatherers in the cluster. Individual guides who return to the cluster promote the location they find. He uses swaying dance to show direction, distance, and quality to others in the group. The more excited he was about his findings, the more excited he danced. If he can convince other scouts to check the location he finds, they can take off, check out the proposed site, and may choose to promote the site further after their return. Several different sites can be promoted by different scouts at first. After a few hours and sometimes days, slowly favorite locations arise from this decision-making process. In order for a decision to be made in a relatively short time (the herds can only last for about three days on honey where they are full themselves before leaving the nest), decisions will often be made when about 80% of the scouts have approved a location, and/quorum of 20-30 scouts are present at potential nest sites. When that happens, the whole cluster takes off and flies over there. A swarm may fly a kilometer or more to a fostered location, with scouts guiding the bee's beast quickly flying upwards in the right direction. This collective decision-making process is very successful in identifying the most suitable new nest sites and keeping the group intact. A good nest site should be large enough to accommodate a herd (minimum volume of 15 liters, preferably ~ 40 liters), should be well protected from the elements, having a small entrance (about 12.5 cm square) located at the bottom of the cavity , received some warmth from the sun and was not full of ants. In addition to these criteria, nesting sites with abandoned nests are preferred, as this allows bees to further conserve their resources.
Beekeeping
Swarm control method
Beekeepers who do not want to increase the number of active nests they can use one or more methods for swarm controls. Most methods simulate swarming to extinguish the swarming drives.
- Cut one wing of the queen. When one wing of the queen is cut off, a bunch can excrete but due to the inability of the queen to fly, the herd will gather just outside the original nest, where the herd can be easily collected. While this is not a bunch prevention method it is a secret search method.
- In the Demaree method, the parent frame capped is deleted with the old queen. This frame is inserted into a nest box with a blank frame and a foundation in the same location of the old hive. A super honey is added to the top of this nest topped by a crown board (known as the "inner cover" in America). The queen's remaining queen box is checked for queen cells. All queen cells are destroyed. This hive box, which has most of the bees, is laid on top of the crown board. Bee foraging goes back to the lower box which attenuates the upper box population. After one week to ten days, the two parts are examined again and every next queen cell is destroyed. After another separation period, the loose hard drive is extinguished and the itching can be reunited.
- Simply leave the master nest open . In preparation for huddling, the bees fill the mother's nest with honey. The queen stops lying down to be slim enough to fly, and her new unemployed nurse goes with her. The concept of this method is to open the master's nest to employ the nurse's bees and make the queen spawn again and direct the sequence of events. This is done by a number of small variations of the empty frame in the mother's nest, the bare basic skeleton in the nest or the comb drawn in the mother's nest, or the brooding comb into the box above to cause more parent nest expansion.
- Checkerboarding . At the end of winter, the frame is rearranged over the growing parent hive. The frame above the main nest alternates between a full honey frame and an empty frame that is pulled out or even a frame without foundation. It is believed that only the colonies who feel they have enough reserves will try to swarm. The checkerboarding frame above the master hive seems to destroy the sense of having this backup.
Or, there is also a trap with Nasonov pheromone bait that can be used to pull the flock. Beekeepers who realize that colonies have gathered can add mains with eggs that are free of mites. Given younger children, bees have a second chance to raise a new queen if the first fails.
Swarm capture
Beekeepers are sometimes called to capture flocks thrown by wild honeybees or from domestic beekeepers' nests. Most beekeepers will remove honeybee bees for a small fee or even for free if they are nearby. Usually beekeepers or bees companies will use bee vacuum to catch the bees in confined containers so they can transport to the new nest. This method is easy and if done with the right amount of suction, some bees are missing. The swarm of bees can almost always be collected alive and removed by a beekeeper or competent bee-keeping company. Destruction of swarms of bees is rarely necessary and discouraged if the removal of bees is possible.
There are various methods to catch the flock. When the first flock settles down and forms a group, it is relatively easy to catch a flock in a matching box or nuc. One method that can be used on a sunny day when a herd is located in a lower branch or a small tree is to put a white sheet under the location of the herd. The nuc box is put on paper. The flock was sprayed from the outside with a sugar solution (wetting the bees so they became too heavy to fly) and then excitedly pushed the branch away. The main group, hopefully including the queen, will fall into the white sheet and the bee will soon go to the first visible dark entrance hall, which is the opening of the nuc. The organized marches to the opening will take place and after 15 minutes the majority of bees will be inside the nuc. This method of capture does not work at night though.
If the bunch is too closed in a perch so it can not be dropped into a box or sheet, a skeptic can be hung above it and a soft smoke used to "swing" a swarm into the skepticism. Smoke is not recommended to calm a group of humans. Smoke will have the opposite effect on a swarm of hordes because many bees will become restless and fly instead of settling.
Human behavior
A bee sometimes makes people afraid, although bees are usually not aggressive at the stage of their life cycle. This is mainly due to the lack of bee mothers (the developing bees) to maintain and their interest in finding new nesting sites for their queens. This does not mean that the bees of a bunch will not attack if they feel threats; However, most bees only attack in response to intrusions against their colony. In addition, bees are rarely clustered except when the position of the sun is direct and impressive. Swarm groups, hanging on tree branches, will move and find suitable nesting sites within a day or two. Meeting the herd of bees for the first time can be alarming. Bees tend to cluster near the nest or nest, so if a swarm is seen then the nest is nearby. Flocks are usually not aggressive unless provoked, so it's important to keep a good distance from the herd to avoid provoking them.
References
External links
- Swarm Prevention - MAAREC.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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