Sophie Blanchard (March 25, 1778 - July 6, 1819), commonly referred to as Madame Blanchard and is also known for its many combinations of girl names and nikahnya, including Madeleine-Sophie Blanchard , Marie Madeleine-Sophie Blanchard , Marie Sophie Armant and Madeleine-Sophie Armant Blanchard , is a French aeronaut and wife of pioneers balloon Jean-Pierre Blanchard. Blanchard was the first woman to work as a professional balloon expert, and after the death of her husband, she continued to balloon, making over 60 climbs. Known throughout Europe for ballooning exploits, Blanchard entertained Napoleon Bonaparte, who promoted him for the role of "Aeronaut of the Official Festivals", replacing AndrÃÆ' Â © -Jacques Garnerin. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1814 he appeared for Louis XVIII, who named it "The Official Aeronaut of Recovery".
Balloons are a risky business for pioneers. Blanchard lost consciousness on several occasions, experiencing freezing temperatures and almost drowning when his balloon crashed in a swamp. In 1819, he became the first woman to be killed in an aviation accident when, during an exhibition at Tivoli Gardens in Paris, he launched fireworks that lit the gas in his balloon. His plane crashed on the roof of a house and he fell to his death.
Video Sophie Blanchard
Biography
Early life and career
Sophie Blanchard was born Marie Madeleine-Sophie Armant to Protestant parents in Trois-Canons, near La Rochelle. Little is known about his life before his marriage to Jean-Pierre Blanchard, the world's first professional balloonist. The date of the wedding is not clear; sources cite dates as early as 1794 or 1797, but most countries 1804, the year of the first ascent. Blanchard had abandoned his first wife, Victoire Lebrun, and their four children to travel around Europe pursuing a career swell, and he later died in poverty. Variously described as "small, ugly, and nervous wife" Blanchard, "small with features like sharp birds" and then as "small and beautiful", Sophie is more at home in the sky than on the ground, where her nervous disposition means she easily startled. He was afraid of loud noises and riding in the car, but fearless in the air. She and her husband had an accident on a shared flight in 1807 (the 11th ascent, probably its 61st), where they fell and she suffered a head injury. Surprises seem to leave mute for a while.
Sophie made the first ascent in a balloon with Blanchard in Marseilles on December 27, 1804. The couple faced bankruptcy as a result of Blanchard's poor business instincts, and they believed a female balloon was something new that might attract enough attention to solve their financial problems. He describes feelings as "unparalleled sensations" (" unparalleled sensations "). Sophie made the second climb with Blanchard and for the third climb on August 18, 1805, she flew solo from the Cloisters of the Jacobins park in Toulouse.
She is not the first balloon woman. On May 20, 1784, Marchioness and Countess of Montalembert, Countess of Podenas and Miss de Lagarde traveled by tethering balloons in Paris. He was also not the first woman to rise to an involuntary balloon: in the time of Blanchard, Citoyenne Henri, who had ascended to AndrÃÆ'Ã… © -Jacques Garnerin in 1798, was widely credited with the first balloon, although the honor actually belonged to Elizabeth Thible.. Thible, an opera singer, had made the climb to entertain Gustav III of Sweden in Lyon on June 4, 1784, fourteen years before Citoyenne Henri. Blanchard was, however, the first woman to drive his own balloon and the first to adopt a balloon as a career.
In 1809, her husband died of a wound he suffered when he fell from his balloon in The Hague after suffering a heart attack. After her death, Sophie continued to make the climb, specializing in night flights, often staying at night.
Solo Career
Sophie experimented with parachutes like her husband, a dog parachute from her balloon, and as part of her entertainment she launched fireworks and dropped a basket of fireworks attached to a small parachute. Other aeronauts are making a name for themselves by showing a parachute jump from a balloon basket, especially the Andrà © family-Jacques Garnerin, whose wife, daughter and nephew are all done regularly. His nephew, ÃÆ'â € ° lisa Garnerin, is Blanchard's main rival as an aeronaut woman, and that rarely happens for events that are fit for not having performance by one or the other. Blanchard may have given some of his own parachuting demonstrations, but his main interest is in the swell.
The couple is still in debt at the time of Blanchard's death, so to minimize his expenses, Sophie is as easy as possible in choosing balloons. He uses a gas balloon filled with hydrogen (or CharliÃÆ'¨re ), as it allows him to climb into a basket a little bigger than a chair, and there is no requirement for the volume of material needed for a hot air balloon. A hydrogen balloon also frees it from having to fire a fire to keep it in the air. Because he is small and light, he can reduce the amount of gas used to inflate balloons. Sophie had used, or at least had, a hot air balloon; Colonel Francis Maceroni noted in his memoirs that he sold it to him in 1811 for £ 40.
He became Napoleon's favorite, and he appointed him to replace AndrÃÆ'Ã… © -Jacques Garnerin in 1804. Garnerin had embarrassed himself by failing to control the balloons he had sent to mark the coronation of Napoleon in Paris; The balloon eventually floated as far as Rome, where it crashed into Lago di Bracciano and became the subject of many jokes at Napoleon's expense. The title given to him by Napoleon is unclear: he must have made it "Aeronaut of the Official Festivals" with the responsibility of arranging the balloon display at major events, but he might as well make him Minister of Water Baloning, where his role is reported to have devised a plan for air invasion of England.
He made the ascent for Napoleon's entertainment on June 24, 1810 from the Champ de Mars in Paris and at a celebration set by the Palace Guards for his marriage to Marie-Louise of Austria. At the birth of Napoleon's son, Blanchard took a balloon flight over Paris from the Champs de Mars and dumped a leaflet proclaiming his birth. He performed at his official christening celebration at ChÃÆ'Â Â ¢ teau de Saint-Cloud on June 23, 1811, with a firework display launched from balloons, and again at "FÃÆ' Â te de l'Emperor" in Milan on August 15, 1811. He performed climbing in bad weather over Campo Marte in Naples to accompany the review of troops by Napoleon's brother-in-law Joachim Murat, King of Naples, in 1811. When Louis XVIII entered Paris on May 4, 1814 after being Restored to the French throne, Blanchard boarded his balloon from Pont Neuf as part of the winning procession. Louis was so fascinated with his appearance that he nicknamed him "The Official Aeronaut of Recovery".
Known throughout Europe, Blanchard attracts many people for its ascent. In Frankfurt he was apparently the cause of poor reception of the opera Carl Maria von Weber Silvana on his opening night, September 16, 1810: the people in the city flocked to see the demonstrations, while only a few attended the opera's debut. He gave many exhibitions in Italy. In 1811 he traveled from Rome to Naples, dividing the journey into half by stopping after 60 miles (97 km), and then rising again from Rome to a height of 12,000 feet (3,660 m) where he claimed that he fell into a deep sleep for a while before landing in Tagliacozzo. That same year, he again lost his consciousness after rising to avoid getting caught in a rainstorm near Vincennes. He spent 14½ hours in the air as a result. Sophie crossed the Alps with a balloon, and on her way to Turin on April 26, 1812, the temperature dropped so low that she suffered a nose bleed and formed ice on her hands and face. He almost died on September 21, 1817 when, on a flight from Nantes (53), he mistakenly assumed a swamp field for a secure landing site. His balloon canopy was caught in a tree that caused the seat to be overturned; Blanchard, entangled in the rigging, was forced into the swamp water and would drown not help coming soon after his landing. Sympathizing with Marie ThÃÆ'¨rÃÆ'¨se de Lamourous who attempted to run a shelter for the "fallen woman" ( La MisÃÆ' Â © ricorde ) in Bordeaux, she offered to donate the proceeds from one of her ascent to that effort. De Lamourous declined the offer on the grounds that he could not be the cause of other people risking their lives.
Death
On July 6, 1819, Tivoli Park in Paris, a balloon containing its hydrogen burned and Blanchard, trapped in a net around him, fell to his death. He was reportedly very nervous before commencing this ascent.
Blanchard has performed regularly at Tivoli Park, making the climb twice a week when he is in Paris. He has been warned repeatedly about the dangers of using fireworks at his exhibits. This look gets very impressive with a lot of fireworks from the usual, and it seems that the warning has given him the impression. Some spectators pleaded with him not to make the climb, but others, who wanted to see the show, urged him. One report stated that he finally made a decision and stepped into his chair with the words " Allons, ce sera pa la derniÃÆ'¨re fois " ("Come on, this will be the last time").
At about 10:30 am (a different account for the right time), Blanchard embarked on his ascent, carrying a white flag and wearing a white dress and a white hat topped with ostrich feathers. The wind was blowing hard, and it seemed the balloon was struggling to rise. By shedding the weights, Blanchard managed to get a ride, but the balloon swept the trees as it climbed. As soon as he cleans the top of the tree, Blanchard begins to display the screen by waving a flag. The balloon was lit by baskets of "Bengal fire," a slow-burning pyramid firework.
Moments after the start of the screen, and while still rising, the balloon was seen burning. Some reports say that the balloon had briefly disappeared behind clouds and when it reappeared burned - whatever the situation, the gas in the balloon was on fire. Blanchard began to descend rapidly, but the balloon, caught in the wind, kept moving from the pleasure gardens even as it descended. Some viewers thought the show was part of the show and clapped and shouted their approval. The balloon did not rise very high and, although the gas that came out was burning, the gas inside the balloon held out enough time to prevent the plane from falling directly to the ground. Quickly spilling Blanchard's ballast was able to slow the decline. Most reports said he looked calm during the descent, but he was said to wring his hands in despair as the plane approached the ground. Rumors then circulated that he had gripped his plane seat so tightly that "some arteries have stopped that effort."
Right on the rooftops of Rue de Provence, the balloon gas runs out, and the plane hit the roof of a house. It is thought that he will survive that it is the end of the incident, but the rope holding the seat to the body of the balloon may have been burned, or the effect may have thrown it forward, with the result that Blanchard, trapped in a balloon mesh, hovered on the side of the roof onto the road at under. John Poole, an eyewitness, described his last moments:
There was a terrible pause, then Mme Blanchard was trapped in her balloon net, crashing down on the sloping roof of the house on Rue de Provence, and then down the street, where she picked up the crushed corpse.
Some reports applaud him by crying " ÃÆ'â,¬ moi !" ("please", or literally, "to me"), when he hit the roof. Although the crowd rushes to his aid and efforts are made to save him, he has died instantly, from broken neck, or at least ten minutes later.
The most likely cause of accidents is that the fireworks sticking in his balloon have been knocked down from the position by the tree when he goes up; maybe the balloon was loaded and failed to rise fast enough. When he turns on the fuse, the fireworks go to the balloon instead of moving away from him; one of them burning holes in the fabric, triggering gas. A man reportedly saw the problem and yelled at him not to light the fuse, but his cry was drowned out by the cheers of the crowd. Later reports suggested he leave the gas valve open, allowing sparks to ignite the gas and burn the balloon, or that his balloon is a poor construction and allow gas to escape along the ascent.
Legacy
Norwich Duff, who had witnessed the ascent of Blanchard and the accident, noted:
The effect of such a shocking accident in the minds of several thousand people gathered for entertainment, and in high spirits, can easily be imagined...
Hearing he had died, the owner of Tivoli Park immediately announced that the entrance fee would be donated for the support of his children, and several spectators stood at the gate asking Parisians for donations. The appeal raised 2,400 francs, but after the collection it was found that he had no surviving children, so the money was used instead to erect a memorial, above which there was a balloon representation on the fire, above his grave at PÃÆ'¨re Lachaise Cemetery.. The tombstone is carved with gravestones " the art of victime de son et de son intrà ©  © piditÃÆ' © " ("sacrifice of art and courage"). The rest of the money, about 1,000 francs, was donated to the Lutheran ÃÆ'â € ° glise des Billettes that Blanchard attended. Although not rich, at the time of his death he had paid off the debts left to him by her husband and was financially secure. Each climb costs about 1,000 francs, excluding the cost of balloon maintenance. In his will, he left a property worth between 1,000 and 50,000 francs to the princesses of several acquaintances. In total, he has made 67 balloons of ascent.
The story of his death is told throughout Europe. Jules Verne mentions it in Five Sunday in the Balloons and, in The Gambler, Fyodor Dostoevsky likens the sensation of gambling with the sensation that Blanchard feels when he falls. For others, his death proved to be a cautionary tale, whether for example a woman exceeded his post (as with Grenville Mellen, who said that it proved "a woman in a balloon out of its element or too high in it") or as a price of pride to try the show that kind of spectacular. Charles Dickens commented "Kendi often goes to the well, but sure enough to get the crack eventually". With the advent of the powerful flights, balloons and Blanchard's story were relegated to the fringe of aviation history. A novel inspired by Blanchard's story, Linda Donn's The Little Balloonist , was published in 2006.
Maps Sophie Blanchard
See also
- First in-flight experience list
Note
Quote
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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