An underground city is a series of related dungeons that can provide defensive protection; a place to live, work or shop; transit system; mausolea; wine cellar or storage; drains or drainage channels; or some of these.
The term can also refer to a tunnel network linking suburban buildings that may be the office blocks, shopping malls, metro stations, theaters and other attractions. These sections are usually accessible through the public spaces of each building connected to them, and sometimes have separate entries as well. This latter definition includes many modern structures, while the former is more commonly encompassing tunnel systems from ancient times to the present day.
Underground cities are highly functional in cities with very cold or hot climates, as they allow activities to be accessed comfortably throughout the year regardless of the weather. Underground cities have properties similar to those of the skyway system and may include some buildings connected by skyways or corridors above the ground rather than underground.
Some cities have also left underground tunnels.
Video Underground city
Argentina
Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, has a large number of underground cities in its Subte. Most stations have small shops, bars and kiosks, while the main hubs are interconnected via underground pedestrian walkways with railway stations, government buildings or shopping centers. Some have mezzanine levels like malls, with Centro Obelisk from the Buenos Aires area (3 lines, 4 underground levels), Estación Retiro, Estación ConstituciÃÆ'³n, Estación Once and Federico Lacroze railway stations being the most important.
Maps Underground city
Australia
Sydney has a series of underground shopping malls around the Town Hall underground station. The tunnel leads south to the George Street cinema district, west below the town hall, and head north to Pitt Street Mall via Queen Victoria Building. The northern branch connects the Queen Victoria Building with the Victoria Gallery, Sydney Central Plaza (which in turn connects underground to the CenterPoint Westfield and internally above ground to Centrepoint, Imperial Arcade, Skygarden, Glasshouse, and MLC Center). The associated center runs for more than 3 km (2 mi). In 2005, the Westfield company submitted a development application to connect the underground Sydney Central Plaza with 3 other properties at Pitt Street Mall and expand the tunnel network by more than 500 m (1,640 ft) or more.
Perth has a small network of underground shopping centers flowing from the entrance of St Georges Terrace to Trinity Arcade to Murray Street Mall.
The small town of Coober Pedy in northern Australia has many underground dwellings and other facilities. The area is and is extensively mined for opals, and the settlers live underground to escape the scorching heat of the day, often exceeding 40Ã Â ° C (104Ã, Â ° F).
Canada
In the monuments of Thessaloniki, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman living side by side that witnesses the history of the city and its meaning. Some of Thessaloniki's underground secrets have been discovered and appeared, while restoration work is in the process. Although the final result is impressive with underground monuments such as Catacombs of St. John and the underground museum of Agora, they are not made up of the spotlight for the city and access is still very limited or even not permitted by locals by the Archeology Department of the Metro underground Metro project.
Iran
- Kish: An underground city under the name of the Hidden Pearl is built from roads connected by 20 meters (66 feet) underground. Shops and restaurants are planned to be built.
- Tehran: Tehran has set up a series of underground lines in and around Vali-e Asr Metro Station and is in the planning stages to increase commercial activity in newly built buildings in the central part of the city. Priorities for future development include the expansion of underground connections around Haft-e Tir Metro Station and Meydan-e Vali-e Asr Metro Station.
- Isfahan: With the completion of Imam Hosein Metro Station, and the Jahan Nama Complex, and their underground connections, there will be a 300m underground complex formed in the center of Isfahan. Also, not underground per se, with the Imam Ali Square road network unearthed underground and a large open space plaza built above, the square is connected through a series of closed bazaar lanes over 4 km in length, linking it to Naqsh -e Jahan Square.
Italy
- Ancient Rome has a network of catacombs, ancient Jewish and Christian cemeteries near the city.
- Napoli has many rooms and tunnels beneath the city, including drains and reservoirs for water, and catacombs.
Japanese
The five largest underground "cities" (???, chikagai ) in Japan are all shopping districts:
- Crysta Nagahori at Ch ?? - ku, Osaka - 81,765 m 2 (880,111 sqÃ, ft)
- Yaesu Chikagai at Ch ??, Tokyo - 73,253 m 2 (788,489 sqÃ, ft)
- Kawasaki Azalea in Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki - 56,704Ã, m 2 (610,357 sqÃ, ft)
- Central Park Chikagai in Naka-ku, Nagoya - 56,370 m 2 (606,762Ã, sqÃ, ft)
- Diamor Osaka at Kita-ku, Osaka - 42.977Ã, m 2 (462,601 sqÃ, ft)
- Osaka has an enormous underground network in the districts of Umeda, Namba and Shinsaibashi, where Umeda alone includes more than 1,200 retail and restaurant stores, as well as subway and intercity rail stations.
- See also Alice City.
- The Tokyo subway line is owned by Tokyo Metro (9 lanes) and Toei (4 lanes), mostly within 23 dedicated wards. Near the city center, connecting parts between stations that span several blocks there for commuting. Stations like Shinjuku and Shibuya have underground shopping centers. Tunnel network in Tokyo is seen as one of the many features of megalopolis in this city.
Jordan
Jordan boasts the city of Petra - "red rose city, half as old as time" - carved from living rocks.
Mexico
The city of Guanajuato is built on an old silver mine, some of which are used as roads. The Mexico DF metro system has many underground pedestrian walkways connecting the station.
Dutch
In general, many major railway stations have underground aisles featuring shops, restaurants, banks, and money changers. A striking example of the station is the main hallway of Amsterdam's central station, which connects the city's metro system, although due to renovations and the temporary redevelopment (2012-2015) it is impossible to walk from the subway to the train station without going out.
- Maastricht: Originally a casemate,
from Maastricht formed a 14 km (9 mi) long network of tunnels beneath the western part of the city. This tunnel network is mainly used for military purposes. The main construction period of this tunnel lasted from 1575 to 1825. The newest parts of the tunnel network were dug into the late 20th century, built in the Cold War as a shelter for citizens during a nuclear strike in the city.. Another much wider tunnel system with a length of more than 200 km (124 mi) and 20,000 individual corridors located west of Maastricht; this is referred to as Caves of Maastricht (Dutch: Grotten van Maastricht ). These man-made caves were used as a Marl mine from the 13th century onwards. In World War II, these caves were used to hide a large number of paintings from Germany, even including the Nachtwacht. In 1944, construction began in a large public shelter that could accommodate 45,000 people in these caves. The project never saw its completion due to the release of Maastricht in the fall of the same year.
Polish
Warsaw: Warszawa Centralna train station is connected by an underground pedestrian tunnel to the nearest railway station Warszawa? RÃÆ'³dmie? Cie and Warszawa WKD, the shopping center Z? Ote Tarasy, and the skyscrapers of Centrum LIM.
Russian
- Moscow: "Okhotnyi Ryad" (????????) 4 floors of the underground shopping center (29,000 m 2 (312,153 sqÃ, ft)) linked to the Metro station with the same name.
- Moscow Metro 2 is a recognized underground underground metro system in Moscow that was supposedly built during (or from) the time of Joseph Stalin.
Singapore
- The vast underground network is around most Mass Rapid Transit stations, such as those at the Raffles Place MRT Station with a direct underground connection to 19 buildings in the busy Raffles Place area. Expanding the network is the first stage of a new underground network that connects the station to One Raffles Quay and Marina Bay Financial Center to underground pedestrian complex networks throughout the downtown area.
- CityLink Mall offers over 60,000 square feet (5,600m 2 ) underground retail space and connects City Hall MRT Station with Suntec City, the Esplanade - Theaters on the Bay, and other developments in the Central area Marina. It is also associated with the Esplanade MRT Station on the Circle MRT Line.
- The shopping center of Orchard Road is connected to a frequent underground line with commercial space, especially around three MRT stations serving the districts of Orchard, Somerset and Dhoby Ghaut. Plans are also on-site to connect to Bras Basah Road to Suntec City, Bugis Junction, and Chinatown.
South Korea
- Seoul has a well-developed underground network. Myeongdong and Hoehyeon underground streets are the most famous; they are connected to Hoehyeon Station and Myeongdong Station
- Planned to build a larger underground city in Gangnamdaero, the border between Gangnam District and Seocho District.
Spanish
- In Barcelona, ​​there is an underground mall near PlaÃÆ'§a de Catalunya named Avinguda de la Llum, closed since 1990, which was originally part of a more ambitious project to build a city underground under the center of Barcelona.. Also, some Metro stations or connecting lanes at the same station are connected by an underground tunnel with block length.
- Legends have many caves and tunnels in the Subterranean Toledo beneath the old part of Toledo that is connected and used by occultists.
Swedish
- By walking through the Stockholm subway station and indoor shopping center it is possible to walk indoors through the main business district, partially underground, from the Arsenalsgatan subway entrance (Kungströgà ¶ge) to Kungsbron (north entrance to Cityterminalen bus terminal), which covers distance between 1 and 2 kilometers.
Switzerland
- Geneva contains a large underground shopping center that also serves to connect a separate section of the surface shop.
- St. Gallen's main hospital uses several underground tunnels to connect its buildings, helicopter pads, pharmacies, and storage facilities.
- The ZÃÆ'¼rich Hauptbahnhof in ZÃÆ'¼rich has the RailCity underground shopping center with full access to the station platform.
Taiwan
Taipei has an underground street connecting two or more metro stations. In addition, there is a large underground shopping center near the main railway station.
- The underground streets around Taipei Station: Taipei City Mall, the Eslite underground mall, Zhongshan Metro Mall, etc.
- East Metro Mall, site between Zhongxiao Fuxing and Zhongxiao Dunhua metro station.
Turkish
- Cappadocia contains several historic underground cities carved from unusual geological formations that form through ancient volcanic eruptions. The cities were originally inhabited by Hittites, then later by early Christians as hiding places (see [3]). They are now archaeological and tourist sites but are generally not occupied (see Kaymakl? Underground City and Derinkuyu). The largest underground city was last found in 2007 in Gaziemir, GÃÆ'¼zelyurt. It is a stopover on the Silk Road, allowing tourists and their camels to rest safely underground, in a 'fortress' equivalent to a modern hotel.
- Istanbul boasts a Roman reservoir, built 2000 years ago for water storage, now a tourist attraction.
Ukraine
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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