The proposal for a universal background check will require almost all firearms transactions in the United States to be recorded and through the Instant Criminal Background Inspection System (NICS), closing what is sometimes called a personal sales slot.
In the 2017 survey, a panel of 32 criminologists, public health and legal experts assessed universal background checks as the most effective policy to prevent armed deaths, making it the # 1 ranking of 29 possible weapons-related policies. Universal background checks enjoy high level public support.
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Currently, federal law requires background checks (via the National Criminal Background Check System) only for weapons sold through licensed firearms dealers, which make up 78% of all arms sales in the United States. This data is according to research by the original authors who found that 40% of gun owners were transferred (this included sales and inheritance) without background checks in 1994, but after being updated in February 2017, he found that in 1613 adult gun owners, only 22 % who buy firearms through personal sales. Current federal law allows people not to "engage in business" selling firearms to sell firearms without a license or record. The Coalition to Stop the Pistol Violence (CSGV) states that the National Instant Instant Criminal Investigation System has prevented more than two million criminals and other illicit persons from buying firearms. According to CSGV, the law also has a deterrent effect, which prevents illegal purchases.
In November 1998, President Bill Clinton directed the US Treasury and US Attorney General (A.G.) to provide recommendations on the fact that 25 percent or more of the sellers in the arms exhibition are not required to run a background check on potential buyers. This is called a gap for gun shows. Two months later, Gun Shows: Brady Checks and Crime Gun Traces were released. Secretary and A.G. made seven recommendations, including expanding the definition of "gun show," and reviewing the definition of "engaging in business."
After the Columbine High School massacre in April 1999, gun shows and background checks became the focus of the national debate. In May, the executive vice president of the National Rifle Association (NRA) told the Subcommittee on the Criminal Justice Council, "We think it makes sense to provide a mandatory criminal background check for every sale at every gun show." Those concerned about the show believed they were the source of illegally traded firearms. Attempts to reverse key features of the Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA) by requiring criminal background checks and purchase records on private sales at gun shows, which have been fertile in the US since the passage of the law in 1986, were unsuccessful.
Maps Universal background check
Personal sales exits
On August 5, 2010, edition of The New England Journal of Medicine, Garen J. Wintemute researchers, Anthony A. Braga, and David M. Kennedy, wrote that reports of weapons show only a fraction of all arms sales USA and that a more effective strategy is to make all private arms sales through the screening and recording process that FFL dealers need to do. Their report concludes:
Losses in connection with costs and inconvenience though, 83% of self-reported gun owners and 87% of the general population support the regulation for all private arms sales in a 2008 poll conducted for the advocacy organization Mayors Against Illegal Guns. The gun owners provide stronger support for this comprehensive approach than the gun-show-only proposal in a 2009 poll conducted for the same organization. Either proposal will face a difficult sledding on Capitol Hill. Therefore, it would seem better to go ahead with the version that is most likely to reduce the level of firearms-related violence.
After December 14, 2012, the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre there are many calls for a universal background check, to cover what is now referred to as "personal sales gap." In an essay published in 2013, Wintemute says that a comprehensive background check that includes personal sales will result in a simple and fair framework for the retail arms trade. In February 2014, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Policy and Gun Research reported that after the 2007 revocation in Missouri an old law requiring all gun shoppers to pass a background check there was a 23 percent increase in gun killings.
In 2017, a study by researchers from Northeastern University and the Harvard School of Public Health showed that 22% of American gun owners who had acquired weapons in the previous two years had not undergone background checks before doing so.
Public opinion
Universal background checks enjoy high level public support; the 2016 representative survey found that 86% of registered voters in the US support such action. The five national polls conducted in 2015 show a high level of support for "expanded background checks for arms purchases," with varying levels (93% and 89% support in two Quinnipiac University surveys, 92% support in CBS/i> New York Times survey, 86% support in Gallup survey, 85% support in Pew Research Center survey). A 2015 survey found that over 90% of Americans support universal background checks, and that, on average, Americans think they will be more effective than other weapons policies. There is evidence that many Americans mistakenly think that a universal background check is required by federal law; The 2016 survey found that 41% of Americans believe this to be the case. The same survey found that 77% of Americans support universal background checks, while only 53% support stringent gun laws. Based on this data, the authors conclude that "this difference may be due to a lack of awareness of the limitations of existing law."
By 2015, the overwhelming majority of American adults, Republicans (79%) and Democrats (88%), support background checks for personal sales and at gun shows, according to a Pew Research Center survey. By 2017, the strong majority of American adults, both arms owners (77%) and non-weapon owners (87%), support background checks for personal sales and at gun shows, according to a Pew Research Center survey with errors caused sampling/- 2.8% at 95% confidence level. In 2018, after the shooting of Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, almost all Americans support a universal background check. 88% of registered voters support a universal background check, according to a Politico/Morning Consult poll with margin of error/- 2%. 97% of American voters support universal background checks, according to a poll of the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute with a fault margin of/- 3.4%.
Opposition
Those who oppose universal background checks argue that the existing arms laws are sufficient; that the government does not demand enough buyers to try who are rejected by the current system; the background check is a violation of privacy; that "transfer" might be defined too broadly. Opponents also maintain that a universal background check will not stop the crime and insist that the only way to uphold the universal system is to require a registration database. Defense rights advocate and author John Lott argues that a universal background check prevents poorer Americans from buying weapons. Lott said that, in December 2015, a background check added cost effective of $ 80 (New York), $ 60 (Washington state), or $ 200 (Washington, D.C.) to transfer firearms. Lott argues that universal background checks are an effective tax on weapons and can prevent the less affluent Americans from buying them, and this disproportionately affects poorer minorities living in urban areas with high crime rates.
Effectiveness
In a 2017 survey, a panel of 32 criminology, public health and legal experts assessed the universal background check as the most effective policy to prevent armed deaths, ranking it 1 in 29 out of 29 possible weapons-related policies.
Research shows that background checking laws may be effective in reducing killings and weapons suicide. A 2015 study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that the laws of Connecticut (enacted in 1995) which required shoppers to undergo a background check (to obtain the necessary permits) "were associated with a 40 percent reduction in gun killings and a 15 percent reduction in suicide cases "during the first ten years of law in force. A 2014 study published in the Journal of Urban Health found that the removal of the 2007 "permit purchase" weapons law in Missouri (including the revocation of the terms of the background check) was associated with a 23% increase in the rate of gun killings and increases 15% in murder rate, translating "to increase between 55 and 63 murders per year in Missouri." This study controls other variables that may affect the killing, including "changes in unemployment, poverty, detention, robbery, law enforcement officers per capita, and the presence of four other types of state law."
Implications for mental health counseling
The universal background check law, which requires background checks to be conducted before any weapon transfers, may apply to temporary arms transfers from the homes of suicidal persons. Some doctors have reported that this law has created confusion as to whether arms transfers will be legal, and therefore make it more difficult for them to provide counseling to their patients.
Stating with universal background check law
Currently 8 US states and the District of Columbia "have extended the requirement of background checks outside of federal law for at least some personal sales."
- The eight states, plus the District of Columbia, universally prohibit the removal of firearms without background checks: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Washington State
- Two countries universally prohibit removal of pistols only without background checks: Maryland, Pennsylvania
- Four countries require buyers to pass a background check to obtain the necessary permission to purchase firearms: Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, and New Jersey
- Four countries require buyers to pass a background check to obtain the necessary permits to buy firearms only: Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska, and North Carolina.
Note
References
Further reading
- Editorial board (February 18, 2014). "The Missouri study shows why we need a universal weapons background check". Chicago Sun-Times . Sun-Times Media . Retrieved June 30, 2014 .
- Krouse, William J. (March 1, 2013). "Gun Control Proposal at the 113th Congress: Universal Background Inspection, Pistol Trade, and Military Style Arms" (PDF) . US. Department of Foreign Affairs . Retrieved February 17, 2015 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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