Passport Canada (French: Passeport canadien ) is a passport issued to Canadians. This allows the carrier to exit and re-enter Canada; travel to and from other countries in accordance with visa requirements; facilitate the safeguarding process of assistance from overseas Canadian consular officials, if necessary; and request protection for temporary carriers abroad.
All Canadian passports are issued by the Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship (IRCC) Passport Program. Prior to July 1, 2013, a Canadian passport was issued by Passport Canada, an independent operating agent from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. They are usually valid for five or ten years for people aged 16 years and older, and five years for children under 16 years old. By 2017, 60 percent of Canadians have passports, with about 22 million passports in circulation. Although held by individuals, all Canadian passports remain the property of the Queen of Canada, as stated on the front cover of the booklet.
Canada is a member of the Five Nations Passport Group, an international forum for cooperation between authority issuing passports in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States to "share best practices and discuss innovations related to the development of passport policies, products and practices".
Canada began issuing biometric passports, also known as electronic passports or e-passports, to Canadians on 1 July 2013.
Video Canadian passport
Histori
The first Canadian passport was published in 1862, following the outbreak of the American Civil War, when the United States demanded a safer identification of the Canadians who wanted to cross the border. They took the form of a "Letter of Appeal" from the Governor General of Canada. These documents remained in use until, in 1915, the Canadian passport was first published in the English format, a single sheet ten-piece folder.
The modern form of a Canadian passport emerged in 1921. At the time, the Canadian was a British subject, and Canada had a common nationality with the British; as such, a Canadian passport is issued to British people living in or connected to Canada. This arrangement ended in 1947, when the Canadian Citizenship Act was granted a Royal Assent and the determination of Canadian citizenship was made. Beginning in July of the following year, a Canadian passport is issued only to Canadians.
Between 1947 and 1970, Canadians could only apply for a passport by mail to Ottawa. The requirements are simple, and applicants who claim birth in Canada do not have to provide proof of birth. Weak security has led to many cases of misuse of passports, so the Government of Canada tightened the application requirements from 1970. That year, the first three Canadian Passport offices opened in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.
In 1985, the first version of machine-readable passport (MRP) was issued, in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization standards. The modified version began to circulate in 1991, with additional security features and more stringent processing requirements. In 1993, a newer version of MRP was introduced, which contained unique features to prevent replication or alteration.
Since December 11, 2001, children have not included parental passports, and passports have been issued for one person only.
In 2002, the Canadian Passport began publishing the latest version in Canada, which includes digitally printed photos of carriers entered into the booklet identification page, holographic images, bar coded serial numbers, and a second hidden photo of a carrier that can only be seen at under ultraviolet light. The Canadian diplomatic missions abroad adopted this version in 2006. In March 2010, the passport was upgraded to include new designs from the identification page and more anti-counterfeiting elements, such as the new color of Optical Inks and the addition of laser perforated numbers. Cover, watermark, personalization techniques and holographic laminates are the same as the 2002 version. The 2010 version is also the last MRP revision prior to the release of the e-passport.
In the 2008 federal budget, Jim Flaherty, Minister of Finance, announces that biometric passports ("e-passports") will be introduced in 2011. A pilot project began in 2009, with e-passports issued for special and diplomatic passport applicants. The launch of the e-passport was pushed back to July 1, 2013. On the same day, the Canadian passport issuing authority was shifted from Canada's Foreign Affairs and International Trade to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), now known as IRCC.
Maps Canadian passport
Apps and publishing
The passport issuance fell under the Royal Prerogative. They are issued, on behalf of the ruling Canadian king (as stated in the passport record), according to the Canadian Passport Order. The Order in this Council sets out the grounds on which Canadian Immigration, Refugees, and Citizens (IRCC) may issue or renew passports.
Passport Requirements
Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom , all Canadians have the right to enter Canada. There is a requirement for a Canadian citizen to use a Canadian passport when entering Canada by air. Since November 10, 2016, under the new visa regulations, all visa-free passport holders (except for US citizens and citizens) are required to apply for an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) prior to boarding a flight to Canada.
Because eTA is used solely for immigration screening purposes for non-Canadian visitors entering Canada for a while, all Canadians are automatically prohibited from applying eTA. Therefore passport requirements apply, since Canadians traveling with a visa and non-Canadian visa passport will be prevented from boarding a commercial flight to Canada unless they can present a valid Canadian passport upon check-in. The only exception to this rule is for Canadians traveling with US passports, because Americans do not need to eTA to enter Canada, or when a Canadian who travels with the required passport eTA enters Canada by sea or through one of the land port of entry from the US
Apps
Canadians in Canada may submit their application directly through the passport office, the location of the Canadian Service, the Canadian Post recipient agency, or may submit their application by mail. Canadians in the US or Bermuda can only file by mail. Canadian citizens living in other countries or territories must register by nearest Canadian diplomatic post overseas. Accelerated services (urgent, expressive and standard services) are only available through passport offices in Canada.
Underwriter
The Canadian passport issuance system is modeled after the United Kingdom, where all passport applications are first requested "signed" by people who work in a recognized profession. Australia and New Zealand have a similar policy. The use of a guarantor is to serve "as a security measure in the rights process and as a departure point for future investigations of statements made on the application form".
The warranty-related eligibility rules are last updated on August 12, 2013. For passport applicants in Canada, only Canadian passport holders can be guarantors. For Canadians living abroad who do not have a Canadian underwriter, non-Canadian guarantor working in a licensed profession may be used for applications, such as dentists, medical doctors, judges, lawyers, notaries, pharmacists, police officers, veterinarians, or officers sit for financial institutions.
Passport Fees
Costs (since July 1, 2013) for standard adult passports issued in Canada are $ 120 for a five-year passport or $ 160 for a ten-year passport, and outside Canada is $ 190 and $ 260 respectively. The cost for a five-year passport for a child under 16 is $ 57 if it is issued in Canada, and $ 100 outside Canada. Surcharges apply for urgent services or replacement of lost or stolen passports. All fees are payable in Canadian dollars.
Disclaimer and retraction of passport
IRCC may revoke a passport or refuse to issue or renew a passport for reasons set forth in a Canadian Passport, including reasons such as failure to file a complete application, misinform in obtaining a passport, and crime. However, whether Canadian passports can be revoked or rejected on the grounds of national security concerns have been questioned.
Passport type
Prior to 1947, there were two types of passports: those issued to persons born English subjects (blue sea cover) and those issued to naturalized persons as English subjects (red cover).
Today, there are five types of Canadian passports:
- Ordinary Passport (naval cover)
- These documents are issued to residents for occasional trips, such as vacations and business trips. They contain 36 pages (29 pages are available for label and visa stamps). They may be issued to adults (aged 16 years and older) with a validity of 5 or 10 years or children under 16 years with a validity of 5 years.
- Temporary Passport (white cover)
- These are issued to Canadians outside Canada who need a passport but their regular passport application is being processed. This passport contains 8 pages and is valid between six months and one year.
- Emergency Travel Document (1 page)
- Emergency travel documents are disposable documents issued to Canada to return directly to their home country, or to a nearby Canadian diplomatic mission where a complete passport service is offered. The document contains details of the person, photo, travel details and expiry date of the document.
- Custom Passport (green cover)
- This is issued in accordance with the Order of Honor of the Issuance of Diplomatic and Special Passports for persons representing the Government of Canada on official business, including Private Advisers, Members of Parliament, members of the provincial cabinet, civil servants, citizens nominated as non-diplomatic officers of the delegation and members of the Canadian Forces who were sent abroad. Since January 2009 a special passport has been issued as an electronic passport, in preparation for full implementation of the ePassport program.
- Diplomatic Passport (maroon cover)
- This is issued in accordance with the Diplomatic and Special Diplomatic Enforcement Instruction Order issued to Canadian diplomats, high government officials (including lieutenant governors and county commissioners), diplomatic couriers and private citizens nominated as official diplomatic delegates. Since January 2009 diplomatic passports have been issued as electronic passports, in preparation for full implementation of the ePassport program.
- Depictions of different types of Canadian passports
Physical appearance
Ordinary deep blue sea passports, with Royal Arms of Canada plastered in the center of the front cover. The words "PASSPORToPASSEPORT" and the international e-passport symbol () are written under the symbol, and "CANADA" above. The bilingual cover is an indication of the textual part of a Canadian passport printed in English and French, two official Canadian languages. Standard passport contains 36 pages, with 29 available for entry/exit stamp and visa. The dimensions of a closed Canadian passport size are 3.5 "(width) and 5" (height).
New security features, similar to those in paper money, have been added with increasing frequency since 2001. Microprinting, holographic images, UV-visible imaging, watermarks and other details have been applied, especially on photo pages. In addition, the photo is now digitally printed directly on paper (both in standard ink and UV-reactive ink); previously, the actual photo has been laminated inside the document.
Data page
- Photo of passport holder
- Type (P)
- Publish Country (listed as "CAN" for "Canada")
- Passport No.
- Last name
- Name Given
- Nationality (Canada/Canadienne)
- Date of Birth
- Gender
- Place of Birth (city and country code of three letters registered, even if born in Canada)
- Note: The province or country is required on the application form, if applicable, but not listed in the passport.
- Publish Date
- Issuing Authority
- End Date
The information page ends with Machine Readable Zone.
Signature
From 2002 to May 2015, all Canadian passports contain two signature spaces: one is in the data page where the scanned signature is printed along with other personal details, the other is an empty signature block on page 3. After the applicant receives the passport, they who are over 16 years old must also sign a signature block with ink.
Since May 2015, passport scanner signatures have not been printed on the data page. However, mature applicants must still sign page 3 in passport books when they receive it.
Sex
On August 24, 2017 the Canadian government announced that it would apply procedures for Canadians seeking their sex given as X (not specific) to a Canadian passport, which is one of three gender appointments allowed for machine-readable passports along with M (men)) and F (women) determined by the International Civil Aviation Organization. As a temporary measure until IRCC can print a passport with X gender appointment, effective August 31, 2017 IRCC offers passports with a note on the Observation page indicating that the passport holder must be identified as X rather than the gender assignment printed on the data page.
Passport note
Passports contain notes from the publishing authorities addressed to authorities from all other countries, identifying carriers as nationals of the country and requesting that they be allowed to pass and be treated in accordance with international norms. The textual part of a Canadian passport is printed in English and French, the official language of Canada. The entry in a Canadian passport states:
- "The Canadian Foreign Minister requests, in the name of His Majesty the Queen, all those who may have an interest in allowing the carrier to pass freely, without delay or obstruction, and to pay the carrier such assistance and protection as necessary."
Birthplace
Birth place is written in the following format: CITYNAME UTO , while "UTO" is an ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code from the country of birth. The administrative subdivision of the first-degree country of birth, such as the province of Canada or the US state, is not mentioned as part of the birthplace, so that Canadian citizens born in Portland, Maine or Portland, Oregon may have the same inscription as the birthplace: PORTLAND USA . Exceptions to this format are listed below.
A passport applicant may request, in writing, that the IRCC does not include birthplace (city and state) - or country of birth - on their data page, by filling in PPTC 077. The applicant must show his awareness that removing this information may cause difficulties at international entry points or when applying for a visa.
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
In response to modifications of the Chinese government's requirements for the issuance of visas to Canadian citizens born in Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan, Canadian passports issued to Canadians born in Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan are now issued only by birthplace and not country codes three letters. Chinese visas will no longer be issued to Canadian passport holders whose birthplace is written as Hong Kong HKG , Macau MAC , or TWN .
Jerusalem
Since April 1976, the policy is that Canadian citizens born in Jerusalem have their birthplace identified only by city name, without national determination, due to unresolved legal status of Jerusalem.
Palestine
Canadians born before May 14, 1948 may have their birthplace identified as Palestine if they were born in the Palestinian Mandate (including Jerusalem).
Changes
Official languages ​​
In September 2003, Le Devoir printed a call on a Canadian Passport to grant individual Canadians the official language choice that first appeared in their passport, English or French. The Passport Office claims that this is not allowed under international norms, but it indicates that a Belgian passport application asks which Belgian citizens of the three official languages ​​of their country (Dutch, French or German) should appear first in their passports.
ePassport
In 2008, the Canadian Passport announced that it will issue electronic passports to Canadian travelers starting in 2012. Electronic passports will have electronic chips encoded under the name of the carrier, the sex, and the date and place of birth and digital portraits of their faces..
On April 7, 2010, the Canadian Passport announced that in 2012, Canada will begin issuing electronic passports, or ePassports, to all its citizens. The Canadian passport states that "the use of ePassports will allow Canadians to follow international standards in passport security to protect the country's borders and maintain the ease of international travel Canada is currently enjoying." At the same time, Canadian passports will start offering a choice of 10 year validity period and 5-year validity at the moment. "
In September 2011, the Canadian Passport announced that electronic passports would be ready by the end of 2012, but this was pushed back to 2013 when the organization found significant delays due to increased passport applications for revised entry policies to the United States in late 2000 and a consultation process lengths are required to survey public reactions to changes in new passports.
All Canadian passports issued on or after 1 July 2013 have become ePassports.
All ePassports are published with 36 pages compared to the previous 24 or 48 pages option.
Online application process proposed
By 2015, IRCC (then known as CIC) plans to make moderation on passport renewal systems by integrating passport publishing platforms with Global Case Management System (GCMS), consolidated IT systems for citizenship and immigration applications.
Under the proposed system that mimics New Zealand, holders of passports no longer need to return their old passports to CIC for cancellation, but can apply for a new passport online while saving old documents before they receive a new one. Instead of returning an old passport, applicants will be asked to cut corners of this document "through the honor system".
The new process is expected to be available in November 2015, but the plan was canceled in October when the use of GCMS for passport applications was temporarily suspended due to various security breaches in the system. IRCC permanently discontinues use of GCMS for passport applications in February 2016 after internal audit. GCMS will not be used for passport applications until all risks, including "Passport Program business terms", are identified and secured.
The infamous case of abuse
Since its introduction, Canadian passports have been favorable targets for counterfeiters, criminals and foreign government agencies. The reasons for the abundance of abuse include the relatively weak publishing process before 1970, the lack of anti-counterfeiting features in the early non-MRP version, and the number of visa-free countries in Canada. By 2015, a fake or altered Canadian passport may cost US $ 3,000 on the black market, almost three times higher than a fake passport or EU passport.
- In 1940, Frank Jacson, a Spanish national, went to Mexico City with a fake Canadian passport to kill Leon Trotsky
- In 1961, It was said that Molody used an unauthorized passport from the dead Arnold Lonsdale. Using this identity he is involved in espionage activities in the UK.
- In 1962, three American fugitives convicted on narcotics-related charges obtained a Canadian passport to escape to Spain. That same year, the Australian government also found a Soviet spy ring that used a Canadian passport.
- In 1968, James Earl Ray, the man who killed Martin Luther King, Jr., used a Canadian passport, obtained with a fake baptism certificate in the name of "Ramon George Sneyd", temporarily escaping the catch following the murder. He has two Canadian passports at the time of his arrest at London Heathrow Airport. Before Ray's arrest, he was able to change his passport, which misspelled his replica name as "Sneya", to the Canadian Embassy in Portugal, for a replacement with a correct alias. Ray's arrest triggered an investigation launched by the Royal Security Commission in 1969, which recommended far tougher application requirements and the establishment of a Canadian Passport office.
- In 1973, the Mossad agent killed a waiter in Lillehammer, Norway with the false belief that he was a senior agent for Black September. The use of Canada's fake passports by murderers triggered a diplomatic crisis in relations between Canada and Israel, resulting in a commitment by Israel not to abuse Canada's passports in the future. It also resulted in the redesign of a Canadian passport to improve its security features.
- In 1997, Israeli intelligence personnel again failed in attempted murder while using a 'Canadian passport'. Attempts against Khaled Mashal in Jordan resulted in the capture of the would-be assassins. Foreign Minister Lloyd Axworthy has finally received an apology and written assurance that Mossad will stop using a Canadian passport.
- Ahmed Ressam, Al-Qaeda Algerian Millennium Bomber who attempted to blow up Los Angeles International Airport on New Year's Eve 1999/2000, avoided deportation by Canada and traveled freely to and from Canada using a Canadian passport he obtained in March 1998 by submitting a false baptism certificate; he used a stolen empty certificate, filled it with a fictitious name.
- In 2007, a former Canadian bureaucracy pleaded guilty to selling at least 10 fake passports to people abroad.
- A Russian spy involved in the Illegal Program uses a Canadian passport to travel to the United States to remit payment to Russian sleep agents. The passport was issued to a man known as Christopher Metsos, however, after the public revelation of the Canadian passport spy ring was revoked, saying it had been issued by the Canadian High Commission in Johannesburg, South Africa to a man assuming the identity of a Canadian boy who had already died.
Although not a case of abuse, since it was done with the secret consent of the Canadian government, six American diplomats were smuggled out of Iran using a genuine Canadian passport containing a forged Iran visa in 1980.
Disapproval of passport to Abdurahman Khadr
In July 2004, Abdurahman Khadr was denied a Canadian passport by Governor-General Adrienne Clarkson on the explicit suggestion of his Foreign Minister, Bill Graham, who declared the decision "in the interest of Canada's national security and the protection of Canadian troops in Afghanistan." The government asked the Royal Prerogative to refuse Khadr's passport , since national security was not at the time registered in the Canadian Passport Order as the basis for the refusal. Shortly thereafter, on September 22, 2004, section 10.1 was added to the order, which allowed the minister to revoke or refuse a passport due to national security concerns. Khadr requested a review of the minister's decision to refuse his passport and, on June 8 of the following year, the Federal Court ruled that the government did not have the power to refuse to issue Khadr's passport without any special authority stipulated in the Canadian Passport Order but stated in that if the order was changed Khadr probably would not be able to challenge that revocation.
In 2006, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, then Peter MacKay, again rejected the Khadr application, this time applying for section 10.1 of the altered Canadian Passport. Section 10.1 was later challenged in the Federal Court by Fateh Kamel, whose passport was also rejected for national security reasons. On March 13, 2008, the Federal Court declared section 10.1 of the Canadian Passport Order to be unconstitutional and therefore invalid, although the court suspended statements of invalidity for six months to allow government time to amend orders. The federal government launched an appeal in the Federal High Court and the ruling imposed on January 29, 2009 overturned a lower court ruling. The Court unanimously approved the refusal of passport services on national grounds in accordance with the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, citing the restriction clause (Section 1) as its main decision point. Kamel launched an appeal in 2009 to the Supreme Court of Canada but the court refused to hear his case and thus ended the challenge of legality to a Canadian Passport.
In 2010, Kamel attempted to re-apply for a Canadian passport but was again rejected by the minister on the basis of national security. He sought legal review but was dismissed by the Federal Court and subsequently by the Federal Court of Appeal in 2013. Kamel did not appeal the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada.
Proof of Canadian citizenship
A Canadian passport serves as a proof of the identity of the holder and the status of citizenship outside of Canada. Contrary to popular belief, however, the Canadian passport itself, whether valid or invalid, is merely proof of prima facie from Canadian citizenship. Credible evidence of Canadian citizenship, as dictated by IRCC, covers only the following documents:
- Certificate of Canadian citizenship;
- Canadian citizenship card;
- Birth certificate from a Canadian province or territory;
- Naturalization certificate as an English subject in Canada (issued before 1 January 1947);
- Birth certificate registration abroad (issued between 1 January 1947 and 14 February 1977); and,
- Storage certificate (issued between 1 January 1947 and 14 February 1977)
Although a provincial or territorial birth certificate is accepted by the IRCC as evidence of valid citizenship, Section 3 (2) of the Citizenship Act states that a child born in Canada from a parent who is a diplomatic or consular official or other representative of a foreign country, or employee in the services of that person, not a Canadian citizen if no parent becomes a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada at the time of child's birth. Such persons may be granted Canadian passports, because birth certificates issued by their province or territory are considered to be proof of citizenship. Under the Act , however, they are legally non-Canadian citizens even if they hold valid Canadian passports.
Ambiguity with the enforcement of the Act may create difficulties for Canadian passport holders who consider them Canadian citizens. Deepan Budlakoti, a stateless man born in Ottawa to an Indian parent employed by the Indian High Commission at the time of his birth, twice issued a Canadian passport under the assumption that he was a Canadian citizen based on birth in Canada. His Canadian passport, however, was canceled after his criminal convictions in 2010 brought an investigation by Canadian Citizenship and Immigration, which concluded in 2011 that he was not a Canadian citizen, but a permanent resident. His appeal to the Federal Court, and then to the Canadian Supreme Court to recognize him as a Canadian citizen, was denied. The Indian government claims that it has lost its Indian citizenship by obtaining a Canadian passport, as Rule 3 of Schedule III of the Citizenship Act 1956 in India states that "the fact that an Indian citizen has earned on any date a passport of any other State Government is conclusive evidence that it has voluntarily obtained the nationality of that country before that date ". Therefore, Budlakoti has no citizenship, despite the fact that he has held a Canadian passport.
Visa requirements
Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by other state authorities placed on Canadians. According to the Henley 2018 visa restriction index, Canadian passport holders may visit 185 countries and territories visa-free or on a visa upon arrival, and Canada's score is ranked 5th according to the Visa Restriction Index.
Visa-free access to the United States
Prior to 2007, Canadians may enter the United States by submitting a birth certificate (or other evidence of Canadian citizenship) along with a photo identification form (such as a driver's license or a provincial health card). In many cases, US border agents will receive statements of oral citizenship.
Under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative of the United States, since 23 January 2007, all Canadians entering the United States by air have been required to present valid passports or NEXUS cards. Since June 1, 2009, the United States has required all Canadian citizens (16 years or more) to show their passport, NEXUS card, enhanced SIM, or Free and Safe Trade card (CEPAT) to enter the US by land or water.
In most circumstances, Canadians do not require visitors, businesses, transit, or other visas to enter the United States, whether from Canada or from other countries. In addition, Canadians are generally granted residence in the US for six months upon entry. Visa requirements apply only to Canadians belonging to the E (investor), K (fiance (e) or spouse and their children category of US citizens), V (spouses and children of the Permanent Legal Residents), S (an informant), A (Canadian government officials are on an official business trip), G (Canadian diplomats working for international organizations in the US) and NATO (Canada working specifically for NATO), and they must apply for a visa before entering in the same way with other countries.
Canadian students are exempted from visa requirements if they have a valid I-20 or DS-2019 form and have paid their SEVIS registration fee, allowing them to travel to the US under F-1 or J-1 status.
Legately working in the United States
Under the Free Trade Agreement of North America (NAFTA), Canadians can legally work in the US under a simplified procedure, known as TN status, if their profession is under NAFTA rules and they have full-time or part-time, previously with the US Employer. Getting a TN status does not involve obtaining a physical visa, otherwise applicants are required to apply and accept TN status with Customs and Border Protection of the US (USSR) ports. The status of TN is good for three years after it is approved and can be updated indefinitely if working for the same company, but may be reviewed and may be revoked whenever the applicant enters the US TNN status nor does it facilitate the process of obtaining a valid US legal right of residence and can not be used to live in the US permanently.
Canadians wishing to work in the US with the intention of immigrating to the US, or who are not eligible for TN status, may also work under H-1B status. Unlike other countries, they are exempted from obtaining a physical visa from the US embassy or consulate. Apart from visa exemptions, other procedures are the same as all foreign nationals.
First Nations
Under the Jay Treaty signed by the United States and Great Britain in 1794, all First-born Persons in Canada are entitled to free entry into the US for employment, education, pensions, investments, or immigration. To be eligible, all eligible persons must provide their First State background documentation at the admission port. Documentation should be sufficient to indicate the carrier is "at least 50% of the American Indian race".
Travel statistics abroad
According to these statistics are the number of Canadian visitors to different countries per year by 2015 (unless otherwise stated):
Gallery
See also
- Canadian Passport Order
- Canadian citizenship law
- Visa requirements for Canadian citizens
- Canadian visa policy
- List of Canadian diplomatic missions
References
External links
- Official site
- The History of Canadian Passports
- Canadian Passport Extension
- Passport Guarantee Policy
- Travel Advice and Advisor - Canadian Global Affairs
- Directory of Canadian Government Offices Abroad - Canada's Global Affairs
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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