An underground storage tank ( UST ), according to United States federal regulations, storage tanks, excluding underground pipes connected to the tank, which have at least 10 percent of its volume below soil.
Definisi
Video Underground storage tank
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"Underground storage tank" or "UST" means one or a combination of tanks including connected underground pipes used to contain regulated substances, and their volume including the volume of underground pipes is 10 percent or more below the soil surface.. This excludes, inter alia, any agricultural or residential tanks of 1,100 gallons or less of the capacity used to store motor fuel for noncommercial purposes, tanks for storing heating oil for on-site consumption, or septic tanks. For USTs operating in the United States, the EPA and states collectively require tank operators to be financially responsible for any releases or leaks associated with the operation of the underground tanks. As a condition of keeping the tank in operation, the ability shown to pay for exemption should be demonstrated through UST insurance, bonds, or other ability to pay..
In September 1988, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued early ground storage tank regulations, including a 10-year period that required all carriers to increase their UST with leakage and leakage prevention equipment.
The EPA issued UST approval rules and updated state program regulations by 2015, the first major change since 1988. The revisions increase the emphasis on the operation and maintenance of UST equipment properly. The revisions will help prevent and detect UST releases, which are a major source of groundwater contamination. The revisions will also help ensure all UST in the United States, including in the Indian state, meet the same minimum standards. The amendment sets federal requirements similar to key parts of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Additionally, the EPA adds new operating and maintenance requirements and copes with the UST system suspended in UST regulations 1988. Changes:
- Add secondary storage requirements for new and replaced tanks and pipelines
- Adds operator training terms
- Add periodic operation and maintenance requirements for the UST system
- Added requirements to ensure UST system compatibility before storing certain biofuel mixtures
- Eliminates the past suspension for emergency generator tanks, ground-built tanks, and airport hydrants
- Updated code of practice
- Make editorial and technical corrections.
Maps Underground storage tank
Tank type
Underground storage tanks are divided into four types:
- Aluminum steel/tanks, manufactured by manufacturers in most states and in accordance with standards established by the Steel Tank Institute.
- Composite overwrapped, metal tank (aluminum/steel) with filament rolls such as glass/aramid fibers or carbon fibers or plastic compounds around metal cylinders for corrosion protection and for forming interstitial space.
- The tank is made of composite material, fiberglass/aramid or carbon fiber with metal liners (aluminum or steel). See metal matrix composite.
- The composite tank is like a carbon fiber with a polymer liner (thermoplastic). See rotational molding and fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP).
The underground storage tanks for water are traditionally called water tanks and are usually constructed of brick and mortar or concrete.
Petroleum underground storage tank
Petroleum UST is used throughout North America at gas stations and by the US military. Many are leaking, allowing petroleum to contaminate soil and groundwater, and enter as steam into buildings, ending as brown fields or superfund sites. Many USTs installed before 1980 consisted of empty steel pipes, which corrode over time. Faulty installation may also cause failure of tank or piping structures, causing leakage.
Rules in the US
UST is regulated in the United States to prevent the release of petroleum and groundwater, soil and air contamination. The 1984 Dangerous and Compact Dangerous Amendment to the Conservation and Rescue Rules Act (RCRA) requires the EPA to develop regulations for underground storage of motor fuels in order to minimize and prevent environmental damage by requiring the owners and operators of the UST system to verify, maintain, and cleaning up sites that are damaged by petroleum contamination.
In December 1988, EPA regulations asked owners to find, remove, upgrade, or replace underground storage tanks to be effective. Each country is authorized to establish such a program within its own jurisdiction, to compensate the owner for the cleaning of underground petroleum leaks, to set standards and licenses for installers, and to register and inspect underground tanks.
Most upgrades to the UST consist of mounting corrosion control (cathodic protection, interior layers, or combination of cathodic protection and interior layers), overload protection (to prevent overcharging of the tank during tank filling operations), spill containment (to catch spills). during charging), and leak detection for tanks and piping.
Many USTs were issued without reimbursement during the 10-year program. Many thousands of old underground tanks are replaced with newer tanks made of corrosion-resistant materials (such as fiberglass, coated steel with thick FRP shells, and armored steel with galvanic anodes) and others built as double walled tanks to form an interstice between two tank walls (tank inside the tank) which allows to detect leaks from inner or outer tank walls through interstitial monitoring using vacuum, pressure or liquid sensor probe. The piping is replaced during the same period with many new pipes that are constructed of double walls and made of fiberglass or plastic materials.
The tank monitoring system is capable of detecting small leaks (must be capable of detecting 0.1 gallons per hour with a probability of detection of 95% or greater and possibly 5% or less of faulty alarms) installed and other methods adopted to alert leak tank operators and potential leaks.
US regulations require US cathodic protection systems to be tested by cathodic protection experts (at least every three years) and the system is monitored to ensure continuous adherence.
Some industrial owners, who previously fueled the fuel in underground tanks, switched to tanks on the ground to avoid environmental regulations requiring fuel storage monitoring. Many countries, however, do not allow motor fuel storage on the ground to be resold to the public.
The EPA's Underground Storage Tank Program is considered very successful. The national underground tank inventory has been reduced by more than half, and most of the rest have been replaced or upgraded to a much safer standard. Of the approximately one million underground storage tank sites in the United States in 2008, which mostly handle some types of fuel, about 500,000 have leaked. In 2009, there were about 600,000 active USTs at 223,000 sites subject to federal regulations. In 2012, the EPA publishes a way of screening buildings vulnerable to petroleum steam disturbances, and in June 2015, the US EPA finally released "A Technical Guide to Assessing and Mitigating Vapor Deposits from Underwater Surface Steam Sources" and "Guidance Techniques To Overcome Petroleum Vapor Intrusion At Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites "
See also
- The environmental impact of the petroleum industry
References
External links
- USPA EPA Program
- EPA summary of 2015's rules and compliance information
- UST Country Program:
- California
- New Mexico
- Oklahoma
- Pennsylvania
- Texas
- Wisconsin
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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