Dog fighting in the United States is an activity where fighting between two game dogs is staged as a form of entertainment and gambling. Such activity has existed since the early nineteenth century in the United States and is gradually banned in all states. This continues as an underground activity in rural and urban locations.
By the end of the 20th century, police and animal law enforcement forces from local and state authorities were formed in many parts of the country to combat dog-fight rings to combat serious animal welfare violations with links to organized crime and social issues. In 2007, the US Congress passed a federal law against inter-country dog ​​fighting, which provided high-level criminal penalties including multi-year jail sentences and large fines for each offense; Part of this law was followed by the involvement of the Office of the Inspector General of the US Department of Agriculture in an ongoing investigation across the country.
In April 2007, this illegal activity received widespread attention after evidence emerged that professional soccer player Michael Vick had a dog fight ring operating on his property. This case resulted in a guilty plea by several individuals and one count of crime for Vick, who received federal punishment of 21 months.
Video Dog fighting in the United States
History in the US.
According to a study by Michigan State University College of Law published in 2005, in the United States, dog fighting was once completely legal and approved and promoted during the colonial period (17th century to 1776) and continued into the Victorian era at the end of the 19th century. The early 19th century saw developments in the UK from the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, first imported into the United States ca. 1817. Organized dog fighting becomes part of American culture, and promoted by the United Kennel Club. As the activity grew in popularity, so did it. At the beginning of the 20th century the United Kennel Club lost its support and by the 1960s most states had made it illegal. It was not until 1976 that it was banned in all countries and even then, enforcement was generally negligent.
At the end of the 20th century, when dog fighting became more popular in poorer areas of major US cities, research and investigation revealed strong links by connecting with street gangs and social ills, law enforcement efforts increased.
Despite the issue of legality, dogs are still commonly used for combat purposes across the continent. American Pit Bull Terrier is the most popular type used for fights, but foreign breeds, such as Dogo Argentino (used extensively in South America), and to a lesser extent, Presa Canario also gained popularity. The Dogo Argentino is now often seen in dog fights circuits in areas of the United States where American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) has been banned. In Miami-Dade County, Florida, where the APBT, the American Staffordshire Terrier, and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier (or other dogs that substantially fit the characteristics of this breed) are prohibited, Dogo Argentino has become the ultimate fighter dog of choice, used on dogfighting both organized and street.
Maps Dog fighting in the United States
Impact on modern society
In the 21st century, dog fighting has become an unlawful and illegal activity in most major categories, and each has motivated constituents in many areas.
Welfare and animal rights
Dog battles are often regarded as one of the most serious forms of animal torture, not only because of the violence experienced by dogs during and after the fight, but because they often suffer throughout their lives. At least one major study alleges that the prevailing thought among dog fighters is that, the more dogs suffer, the harder it becomes, and better fighters because of it. This position and the resulting treatment make the dog stand in stark contrast to the prevailing public values ​​of dog care in many civilized societies.
In addition to the controversial treatment the dog receives when he has potential as a fighter, according to filings in the US District Court in Richmond by a Federal investigator in Virginia, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act and published by Baltimore Sun on 6 July 2007, a losing or potentially regarded dog as an unacceptable face "killed by drowning, strangling, hanging, shot, electrocuted or other methods".
During the furor aroused around the investigation of Bad Newz Kennels in Virginia in 2007 and extreme disclosure of brutality there, even diverse figures such as hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons and Reverend Al Sharpton joined People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ) and the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) in calling for a strong attitude toward animal cruelty, together stated:
Stolen pet: animal feed
In addition to the fate awaiting a fighter or even a dog that tends to be a fighter, "bait" animals are often used to test the dog's fighting instincts. Using "Adoption Wanted" or "Good Home Needed" posters to track their "feeds" used in this "fighters" training. "Feed" is persecuted or killed in the process. Often the "bait" of animals is a stolen pet, as officials with the Sheriff's Department in Pima County, Arizona say they were surprised to find several years ago, according to a story by National Geographic News . According to a news report compiled by the National Humane Society, the dog's snout bait is wrapped in masking tape to prevent them from injuring dogs trained for fighting. Some animal baits have been found with their teeth milled to gums to make them helpless against dogs. Other animals, such as cats and rabbits, are also reportedly used as "bait" for dogs. Experts say small dogs, kittens, and rabbits are more at risk of being stolen bait than larger animals.
National Geographic notes that there are no statistics about how many pets are taken and used as bait by dog ​​fights rings each year. Patricia Wagner, head of the National Wildlife Resistance Task Force for Humane Society of the United States, offers the statement "I think every country has a problem with it, whether they know it or not."
Dangers of training dogs for fighting
After undergoing training as a fighting dog, if a dog does not suffer death while in such ministry, he often numbs. In Richmond, Virginia, when a dog fighter was sentenced in June 2007, it was revealed in court that more than a dozen of his dogs had to be euthanized, either because of serious illness, injury or malnutrition, or because their training as dog fighting was made. they are too dangerous to adopt. Until 2006, the man kept 16 bulls in his backyard, bordered by heavy chains used for the withdrawal of the car. Experts say animal chaining is a dogfighting technique for building strength. When the animal control officer arrived in response to a complaint from a neighbor that one of the dogs had died, he found a dead dog in the trash. Others have no food, no clean water and no adequate shelter. Jody Jones, program manager of Richmond Animal Care and Control, said in court that the case resulted in more euthanized dogs than any other case she knew from her 15-year career in animal control.
Following the seizure of a large number of dogs in the April 2007 dog fights case in Mississippi, Tara High, executive director of the Human Society of South Mississippi said "The fact is that they have been used for entertainment is quite tragic for them. among us left to face it and the fact that these animals will not be rehabilitated, "he said.Ms. High compared the animals with" loaded weapons. And it's not something that we feel is very comfortable to get into the community. "
Social impacts, gangs, and criminal activity
For many years, even after being banned, dog fighting is regarded as an isolated animal welfare issue, and thus ignored, denied, or ignored by law enforcement agencies. However, it has now been established that the culture of dog fights is often closely related to other criminal activities, with dog fighters often involved in organized crime, extortion, drug distribution, or gangs, and dog fights often facilitate gambling and drug trafficking.
According to the Michigan State study mentioned above,
Legal in the US.
Dog fighting is unlawful in 50 states and the District of Columbia, as well as Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Before Federal law is passed, New York has issued criminal penalties for up to four years for individuals fighting any type of animal, but some other levels of participation are only minor offenses. New York state considers attending animal conflicts to be just offenses, leading eventually to fines. Countries around New York such as New Jersey and Connecticut passed the bill, stating that attendance at animal battles is indeed a crime charge. Because the gap is legal in 49 of the 50 states to have dogs to fight. The Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act closes the gap that allows people to consciously attend dogfighting events.
In all states, it violates the law (and often crime) even to attend dog fighting events, regardless of direct participation. According to the authorities, dog fighting is increasingly being carried out by gangs, and is linked to other unlawful activities, such as illegal gambling. On February 7, 2014 President Obama signed a Farm Bill containing the US, Hr. 366/S. 666 - Prohibition Act on Animals Against Animals. "The final bill includes provisions that make it a federal crime to attend or bring children under the age of 16 to an animal battle event." "The Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act will make it a federal offense to deliberately attend events organized with animal fights and will impose additional penalties for bringing children to battle with animals The offenders will face one year in jail for attending fights, and up to three years in prison for bringing a little child to a fight. "
Breeds special rule
Although illegal, dog fights are still happening all over the world. To combat dog battles and limit the ownership of "dangerous dogs," Breed Specific Legislation (BSL) has been endorsed in several countries, as well as in some local and regional jurisdictions. However, opponents argue that BSL affects responsible pet owners more than those who keep dogs for the purpose of combat. Even though the Breed Specific Legislation (BSL) is to keep the tough dogs out of some states, many people have problems with it and have started the Petition and held an event to get rid of it.
New Federal law comes into force in May 2007
In May 2007, new federal laws came into force that made inter-state dog fighting fraudulent and provide imprisonment and imposition of large fines. The Law on the Prohibition of Resistant Animal Resistance, a new Federal law sponsored by US Senator Arlen Specter (D-PA.), Dianne Feinstein (D-CA.), And John Ensign (R-NV.), Endorsed by the previous US Congress. in 2007 and signed by President George W. Bush on May 3, led to the organization of a dog against evil. The law provides a penalty of up to three years in prison and up to a fine of $ 250,000 for any breach of interstate or foreign transportation of animals for combat purposes. Under the new law provisions, which are in effect immediately, the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Inspector General Office (USDA) is pursuing cases in a number of locations across the country with substantial support from local humane and local police departments.
Extensive links to gangs, other criminal activity
The Humane Society of the United States estimates that more than 40,000 people across the country buy and sell dog fighters and engage in dogfighting activities. But authorities say people in dogfighting circles are also involved in a number of other crimes, including narcotics trafficking, illegal gambling, and murder.
In August 2006, a suspected dog fighter in Texas bleed to death after he was shot by an intruder who seemed intent on torturing him into revealing where he hid $ 100,000 at stake in a high-risk dog match.
The Chicago Sun-Times reported that analysis during a study by the College of Law at Michigan State University found that, in more than two dozen attacks on dogfights, in almost every police agency also confiscated illegal narcotics and weapons. Police seized $ 250,000 in cash during another 2004 attack in Covington, Georgia. "Law enforcement realizes it is a real community problem, related to other crimes like drugs and gambling," John Goodwin, an official from the Humane Society stated in an interview for the Norfolk-based Virginian-Pilot newspaper published in June 2007.
Many communities in areas scattered throughout the United States are aggressively targeting dog battles by coordinating local and regional dog fighting groups. "It's clear that when you're doing dogfighting, drugs and gambling and other criminal subcultures follow," according to Mark Plowden, a spokesman for the South Carolina Prosecutor's Office, which in 2004 created a dogfighting task force. In Chicago, Illinois, a special police unit is devoted to investigating abusive cases because of the relationship between dog fighting and other gang crimes. In 2005, police in Los Angeles, California formed the Animal Cruelty Task Force, which led to the prosecution of gang members there for animal torture.
Professional athletes, entertainers
Among those associated with dog fighting was LeShon Johnson, a former NFL running back, receiving a five-year suspended sentence in 2005 after officials seized 200 dogs during a dog-fighting operation that left 20 people convicted in Oklahoma. Former National Basketball Association forward Qyntel Woods, pleaded guilty to animal offenses in 2005 at his home in Portland, Oregon. Former Dallas Cowboys midfielder Nate Newton was arrested in air combat in Texas, although the allegations were later canceled.
Currently, NFL quarterback Michael Vick is linked to a property in southeast Virginia where authorities believe a multi-state dog fighting operation is based. In an interview with WAVY-TV, Portsmouth, Virginia, Washington Redskins ran back Clinton Portis and his team-mate, offensive attack Chris Samuels, defending Vick. Portis says that if Vick is prosecuted and punished for dog fights, "then you put him behind bars for no reason.I do not know if he fights with a dog or not, but it's his.It's his dog.If that's what he wants to do, do it. "The comments were sharply criticized by NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. The Redskins and Portis themselves later apologize, stating that his controversial comment about dog fighting is insensitive and that he now realizes that he "should not have made a comment." He added, "At that time I did not know the love that humans have for animals, and I did not consider it when I made the comment."
New York's Animal Control Officer Kleinfelder said, "For professional athletes, it's not about money.... Instead of boxers hitting each other only, they want to see him go to death, and with a dog they can let go, that far. , dogs can be thrown away. "
Rhonda Evans is a sociologist and professor in the criminal justice department at the University of Louisiana in Lafayette who has published four academic articles about dog fighting. He stated in a story published by the Palm Beach Post that he had found that the owner of a high-value war dog stretched across all walks of life and social class, with a general link "machismo mentality." Evans said, "For them, tough dogs are a symbol of maturity... and by winning, dogs build their owner's ego, they see it as a legitimate and legitimate sport that is no worse than boxing or football."
Rap and other urban music also seem to glorify dog ​​fights. Jay-Z indicates the dog is being prepared to fight in an uncensored version of his music video, 99 Problems . A strong looking pit bull is on the CD cover by a DMX rapper titled Grand Champ . "Grand Champ" is said to be a reference to a dog that has won five dogfights.
Madison Avenue advertising company has taken advantage of the same theme. When Nike was criticized for an advertisement featuring a pit bull that growled and Rottweiler would be facing, the company denied the advertisement was encouraging dog fighting. The representative went on to state, "People should understand the culture of the young people we serve." Our market is urban, edgy, hip-hop culture. "
Athletes speak out against dog fighting
International Boxing Federation Champion Steve Cunningham: "Dogs are Man's best friend, but some people take advantage of their loyalty by forcing them to fight with dogs.This is disgusting and a horrible thing to do It should be stopped So join me in Knocking Out Dog Fighting. "
Mixed Martial Arts Champion Tito Ortiz: "Animal abuse happens daily in the form of dog battles.This is cruel, inhuman, and needs to be stopped.Show your strength and join me, Tito Ortiz, The Huntington Beach Bad Boy, at Knocking Out Dog Fighting. "
Champion of Martial Arts Mixed Andrei Arlovski: "Pit bull has a long history in America.In the early 1900s the US proudly used pit bulls on WWI posters to symbolize the quality that shaped America - friendly, courageous, hardworking and worthy of respect. My name is because I admire his offspring for the same reason.When I hear about pit bulls used in dog fighting, it makes me mad.I have the option to enter the cage for a fight, but these dogs have no choice.Battle dog morally wrong and inhumane.In my opinion it is a torture Join me in Knocking Out Dog Fighting. "
Mixed Cuban Martial Arts Champion: "Dog fighting is cruel and inhuman and those involved in it are losers. Show me your strength and join me in Knocking Out Dog Fighting."
Josh Thomson Mixed Martial Arts Champion: "Torturing or abusing the animal is not cool nor is it a sign of strength, true warriors defend what is right to protect those who are less able to do it." Show me your strength and join me in Tapping a Fighting Dog. "
Mixed Martial Arts Champion Rob McCullough: "I choose to fight, but many dogs do not get that choice Knock Out Dog Fighting... dog fighting cuz is not cool."
Improved enforcement, penalty
In recent years, a combination of animal rights groups and law enforcement agencies has attracted new attention to dog fighting and related criminal activity in the United States. A story in New York Daily News published on June 10, 2007, states that "dog fighting is a multimillion dollar industry that is part of an underground subculture that holds events in secret locations, it is very difficult for the authorities to prove who owns the dog for combat purposes. "A few weeks later, in Buffalo, New York, police and animal control officers in Buffalo Animal Zoo rescued 15 bulls who were believed to be part of dogfighting activities over a two-week period. The authorities found pit bulls - dead and alive - as well as a "dogfighting kit", which includes harness, snout, pre-fight training guides, stacks of breeding papers, and even videos about dogfighting. "We have returned to the same house three different times, and each time we attract more dogs," said Animal Control Officer Andrew Kleinfelder. "Even when someone is caught, a normal pit bull fight ring has at least 30 people involved.
More recently, longer sentences have resulted in several cases related to dog fights. In South Carolina, David Tant, a fighter dog breeder, served a 30-year sentence, among the most cruel ever charged for the crime. Tant, 63, previously from the Charleston area, pleaded guilty in November 2004 to over 40 the number of illegal eating dogs, and one count of an attack connected to a surveyor who was wounded by a booby trap after he wandered into the Tant property in the southern Charleston Region. The surveyor was bombarded by a birdshot blast, injuring him slightly. The tool is described as a "directed mine" intended to ward off intruders. "Fat Bill" Reynolds of Henry County, Virginia near Martinsville, publisher of the American Gamedog Times, a dog fights magazine with a website, was convicted in 2001 for radiating images of dog fighting across state lines and sentenced to up to 30 months in jail.
Recent incident
March 2007 Dayton Ohio
In March 2007, a mix of federal, state and local law enforcement teams disrupted a large dog battle network in Dayton, Ohio operating in Ohio, Kentucky, and Michigan. A surgical investigation based in Montgomery County, Ohio has lasted a year. More than two dozen arrests were made and more than 60 dogs were confiscated. In May, 7 people in Ohio pleaded guilty to state accusations. Punishment pending on USDA news releases in June 2007.
April 2007 Through Christianity, Mississippi
On April 24, authorities at Pass Christian, Mississippi stormed a large dog battle training complex belonging to Maxwell Landry. According to some reports on local WLOX television stations, 17 people were arrested and dog trackers from Louisiana, crack cocaine and some other illegal drugs found on location and confiscated. 44 bulls were confiscated. Landry once lived in Chalmette, Louisiana. After the area was damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, he moved to Harrison County, Mississippi, located about 8 miles (13 km) north of Interstate 10. The federal agency with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) found the dogs. and training complexes during airborne surveillance related to drug trafficking investigations.
Louisiana Community Members for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals came to help care for the dogs. Landry property owner is one of 14 people named in Federal drug trafficking charges involving activities between Mississippi, Louisiana and South Carolina. He faces 43 counts of illegal dog fighting in Harrison County.
John Wesley Black and Constance Jean Courtney can spend a minimum of one year in jail on charges of illegal dog fighting, and are linked to two counts against dogs. Courtney was hired as a vet assistant. According to Harrison County Prosecutor Herman Cox, Landry has admitted to investigators that he earns about $ 5,000 a month against his dogs against other dogs.
April 2007 Surry, Virginia
On April 25, 2007, an investigation began in Virginia after evidence of a dog fights ring emerged during a narcotics search of 15 acres (61,000 m 2 ) homes and properties owned by Michael Vick, a professional football player with Atlanta Falcons from the NFL and a dog breeder. The property is located in Southeast Surry County a few miles northwest of the Isle of Wight County Smithfield town. The original search began following several drug arrests from 26-year-old Ty Tyon, Vick's cousin and chef, who had authorized Vick's property address in 1915 Moonlight Road, Surry, Virginia as his home address when he was arrested.
The investigation eventually involved local, state and federal authorities. At the end of April, Vick told the Atlanta Journal-Constitution I was never at home... I left home with my family... They just have not done the right thing yet. "It's a shame I have to hold back the heat behind it. If I'm not there, I do not know what's going on. "
On July 2, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) agency filed a court document describing the operation of a five-year intermarriage wedding ring that calls itself "Bad Newz Kennels" and has been based on Vick's property. There is no individual named in the July 2 court documents. WAVY-TV (Portsmouth, Virginia) posted a copy of one of Federal court documents from July 2, and made it available online.
On July 17, Vick and three men portrayed as his employees were charged by a federal jury for "conspiracy to travel in interstate commerce in aid of unlawful activities and to sponsor dogs in an animal-fighting venture". They face a fine of $ 350,000 and six years in prison if found guilty of criminal charges and Federal crimes.
Details in the indictment that illustrate the extreme acts of brutality against losing and less-performing dogs including execution with electricity, hanging, drowning, shooting, and blunted power resulted in widespread public protests and calls for the removal of Vick from the NFL playing a delayed resolution by a diverse spectrum of famous people and public official. On July 23, Commissioner Roger Goodell suspended him indefinitely pending investigation of possible violations of the League's Personal Behavior Policy. The owner of the Atlanta Falcons team, Arthur Blank stated that Vick must leave his mind to play until his case is resolved.
The indictment and detention hearing was held on July 26 at the US District Court in Richmond. The hearing date was set for November 26, and the four defendants were released without ties, but under the direct supervision of the court and under certain conditions. The federal prosecutor said they would file charges in August, which could include additional fees and/or defendants. According to the Virginia Code at the time, violations of Virginia laws involving dog battles and cruelty to counterparts were considered a 6th grade crime, each carrying a fine and 1 to 5 years in prison per violation. More than fifty dogs were confiscated, in addition to carcasses recovered during several Vick property searches.
On August 24, Vick pleaded guilty. He joins three other people who also plead guilty earlier on similar charges. The four face five years in prison, a fine of up to $ 250,000 and restitution. Each received sentences ranging from 60 days to 23 months.
June 2007 Richmond, Virginia
In June 2007, a circus court judge in Richmond, Virginia sentenced a four-year prison term and a $ 20,000 fine to a 40-year-old Stacey A. Miller, an Army veteran and guilty dog ​​fighter. The Richmond Times-Dispatch reported that Miller was convicted in January by a jury of fights, two counts of animal cruelty, a dozen allegations of animal cruelty and two charges of steroids. The jury recommended a four-year sentence and a $ 20,000 fine imposed by a judge. Miller was also ordered to pay Richmond Veterinary Treatment and Control $ 26,205.29 in compensation for the costs of caring for 15 American pit bull dogs confiscated from him in February 2006, 12 of which had to be turned off.
July 2007 South Holland, Illinois
On July 13, 2007, police in the Chicago suburb of Illinois rescued 37 fighting dogs from a very isolated and ventilated chicken cage behind a house in the village of South Holland. At a press conference, Sheriff Cook County's Tom Dart stated that it was "the biggest fighting dog fight in state history."
According to the Chicago Tribune , the investigation began in May after police were told that dogs were being raised and raised at home. Two workers for animal shelters say they told police. Officials close to the investigation confirmed their role. Neighbors told news media that they had also called the police to complain about barking from the barn and what was described as "smelly" by some people. A neighbor said that he called the police a few months ago after seeing a dog chained in the yard on a hot day without water. Another neighbor living across the street told reporters that he began to see police in an unmarked car watching the house a few weeks earlier, and an investigator had interviewed him about a week before the raid. The Tribune reported that the neighbors said that he told the investigator "... the place is like a gas station, people come and go constantly at night... I thought maybe he was dealing with drugs. "
Conducting a warrant, a team formed by a special police operation unit of Cook County police, Cook County animal controls, and the South Dutch Police Department entered a soundproofed property and warehouse, arrested dogs and evidence. They also found boa-limiting snakes and substances suspected of being cocaine inside the house, according to a WLS-TV (Chicago) news report.
The Chicago Sun-Times reported that the site has "all the sophisticated and professional dog fighting talents." It was noted that the treadmill and ballast were nearby to build strength, while a female dog was kept in a separate room where the breeding was done. Drugs used to make them stronger and fight harder are also found. One dog, bigger than a pit bull and described as "drenched" with its hair falling out, is considered a "dog bait" used to train others.
The WBBM radio news reported that dogs seized in the attack ranged from puppies aged one week to older dogs, some of whom suffered physical injuries. The officers wore the mask of the industry Friday when they rescued the dogs, which were kept in the carrier's place in the warehouse and positioned in a way that limited the sun's rays. Some aircraft carriers have bite marks around their openings. Dart describes the conditions inside the warehouse as horrible. "It's very hard to breathe inside," he said. "The smell is amazing, and the condition is very apprehensive."
Sheriff Dart said it was clear that the 29-year-old homeowner was an active leader in dog fighting circuits, breeding fighting dogs while hiring others for a match and earning hundreds of dollars each time. Kevin Taylor is known by the authorities. He has two previous beliefs related to dog fighting, including animal cruelty. He was convicted on June 15, 2007 in Livingston County after being arrested for attending a dog fight near Pontiac in September 2005. According to news reports, Livingston County jurors sentenced Taylor to allegations of Class C violations. He paid a $ 1,275 fine and spent six days in jail, who counted his initial arrest and subsequent arrest of the bench's seal after he failed to appear for the court date.
On July 14, Taylor was charged with 37 gross violations of the number of cruelty to animals, the number of crimes of possession of controlled substances, the number of dog fighting crimes and two other minor offense charges, one counting every dog ​​possession by criminals and possessing sport battle dogs. Sheriff Dart said that although Taylor is thought to have raised and trained dogs to sell or rent there, the proof does not indicate that any dogfights occur in South Holland's location. On July 16, Cook District Court Judge Camille Willis assigned Taylor's $ 100,000 bond.
AS. The senator spoke
On July 19, 2007, US Senator Robert Byrd, 89, from West Virginia, a famous dog lover, gave a vigorous speech at the US Congress on dog fighting practices in response to claims by footballer Michael Vick. Senator Byrd states:
The following day, Sen. John Kerry of Massachusetts said he had sent a letter to the NFL commissioner who called for Vick's direct suspension. Kerry wrote to Commissioner Roger Goodell:
Kerry, the 2004 Democratic presidential candidate, also said he plans to introduce an anti-dogfighting law. According to his office, Senator Kerry's proposal would make it illegal to submit dogfighting images, to run websites devoted to dogfighting, and to own or train dogs for the purpose of fighting under Federal law.
See also
- Dog fighting
- Dog attack
- Dogs in the United States
- Animal welfare in the United States
Further reading
- Fleig, D. (1996). History of Fighting Dogs , pg 119 - 124, T.F.H. Publication. ISBN 0-7938-0498-1.
- Homan, M. (2000). Complete History of Fighting Dogs , pg 101 - 104, Howell Book House Inc. ISBNÃ, 1-58245-128-1.
References
External links
- General information
- The Center of Law and Historical Animals
- Knock Out Dog Fighting
- Literature
- Family Degeneration Dog
- News articles
- Dog Fighting Ringleader Pleads Guilty, Multi-State Criminal Company Turned Off, FBI Burli, Bill (2007-06-17). "Once confined to the rural areas of the South, dogfighting sees cultural change". The Virginian-Pilot . Retrieved 2007-06-17 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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